Showing papers on "Perspective (graphical) published in 2019"
TL;DR: The authors surveys reinforcement learning from the perspective of optimization and control, with a focus on continuous control applications, and reviews the general formulation, terminology, and techniques for reinforcement learning for continuous control.
Abstract: This article surveys reinforcement learning from the perspective of optimization and control, with a focus on continuous control applications. It reviews the general formulation, terminology, and t...
496 citations
Proceedings Article•
24 May 2019
TL;DR: It is shown that casting congestion control as RL enables training deep network policies that capture intricate patterns in data traffic and network conditions, and leverage this to outperform the state-of-the-art.
Abstract: We present and investigate a novel and timely application domain for deep reinforcement learning (RL): Internet congestion control. Congestion control is the core networking task of modulating traffic sources’ data-transmission rates to efficiently utilize network capacity, and is the subject of extensive attention in light of the advent of Internet services such as live video, virtual reality, Internet-of-Things, and more. We show that casting congestion control as RL enables training deep network policies that capture intricate patterns in data traffic and network conditions, and leverage this to outperform the state-of-the-art. We also highlight significant challenges facing real-world adoption of RL-based congestion control, including fairness, safety, and generalization, which are not trivial to address within conventional RL formalism. To facilitate further research and reproducibility of our results, we present a test suite for RL-guided congestion control based on the OpenAI Gym interface.
166 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, four ways in which emotion may relate to cognitive load during learning are discussed, and they are best understood when taking an interval view of cognitive load, such as when emotion regulation is part of the learning outcomes.
Abstract: We discuss four ways in which emotion may relate to cognitive load during learning. One perspective describes emotions as extraneous cognitive load, competing for the limited resources of working memory by requiring the processing of task-extra or task-irrelevant information. Another perspective shows that encoding, storage, and retrieval of information are affected by emotion even before awareness of the material, and that emotion may directly affect memory by broadening or narrowing cognitive resources, and by mechanisms such as mood-dependent and mood-congruent processing. A third perspective describes how emotion may affect intrinsic cognitive load, such as when emotion regulation is part of the learning outcomes. We also discuss a dual-channel assumption for emotions. A final perspective is that emotion affects motivation, and, in turn, mental effort investment. These four ways of considering emotion as part of CLT are best understood when taking an interval view of cognitive load.
151 citations
148 citations
TL;DR: The world is complicated and we hold a large number of beliefs about how it works as discussed by the authors, and these beliefs are important because they shape how we interact with the world, and one particularly impactful set of...
Abstract: The world is complicated, and we hold a large number of beliefs about how it works. These beliefs are important because they shape how we interact with the world. One particularly impactful set of ...
130 citations
119 citations
TL;DR: It is found that sharing of information on social media without verification is predicted by Internet experience, Internet skills of information seeking, sharing, and verification, attitude towards information verification, and belief in the reliability of information.
Abstract: The menace of misinformation online has gained considerable media attention and plausible solutions for combatting misinformation have often been less than satisfactory. In an environment of ubiqui...
118 citations
105 citations
01 Jan 2019
TL;DR: This article examined the evolution of black musical genres in London and Paris during the late imperial period (1920s-1950s) within the urban music scenes of two imperial metropolises, and how they played an important role on the entertainment circuit.
Abstract: of Thesis This thesis examines black music circulation in the urban spaces of London and Paris. It shows the complexity of the evolutionary processes of black musical genres, which occurred during the late imperial period (1920s-1950s) within the urban music scenes of two imperial metropolises, and how they played an important role on the entertainment circuit. Both cities functioned as sites of crossfertilisation for genres of music that were co-produced in a circulation between empires and Europe. Musicians of various origins met in the urban spaces of the two cities. The convergence and intermingling of musical cultures that musicians had brought with them produced new sounds. This process was influenced by a minority group (blacks), but had a significant and lasting influence on the musical
94 citations
01 Feb 2019
04 Jan 2019
TL;DR: Empirical evidence is provided for that perceived drivers for Industry 4.0 lead to increased Industry 5.0 readiness, which, in turn, leads to a higher degree of practicing Industry 4 0.0 practice.
Abstract: The technological development is moving rapidly enabling manufacturing companies with new possibilities for digital transformations to offer products and services to current and new markets at competitive costs. Such modern technologies are, among others, discussed under the umbrella term Industry 4.0. This paper reports on the results of a questionnaire-survey of 308 small and medium-sized manufacturers about their readiness for digitalized manufacturing and their actual practice in this area. The paper provides empirical evidence for that perceived drivers for Industry 4.0 lead to increased Industry 4.0 readiness, which, in turn, leads to a higher degree of practicing Industry 4.0. The paper also finds that barriers make companies less Industry 4.0 ready but this apparently does not have any significant impact on Industry 4.0 practice. The results are of importance for companies in planning transformation processes towards digitalized
TL;DR: This study offers an alternate perspective by examining predictors of pre-service teachers’ uptake of Web 2.0 technologies in China by hypothesising an eight-factor research model and finding that perceived usefulness, perceive enjoyment, subjective norm, technological pedagogical and content knowledge, and facilitating conditions had statistically significant direct effects on intention to use Web 2-0 technologies.
Abstract: In recent years, there has been an exponential growth of the explorations around the pedagogical use of Web 2.0 technologies in China. This study offers an alternate perspective by examining predic...
TL;DR: The incomplete current understanding of the biological foundations of aging-related cognitive declines and the continuous nature of many biomarkers commonly used in dementia diagnosis and classification together pose both opportunities and challenges in the current research landscape.
Abstract: This review summarizes empirical findings and theoretical concepts in cognitive aging and late-life dementia research, with emphases on (a) person-to-person heterogeneity in trajectories of cogniti...
TL;DR: This work states that specifying and altering complex transactions through which endogenous vulnerabilities transact with social dynamics to reinforce emotion dysregulation and canalize its neuroplastic substrates is of utmost importance to those who seek to prevent and treat various forms of mental illness.
Abstract: In the past quarter century, emotion dysregulation has emerged as an increasingly important construct for understanding diverse adjustment problems in childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. Emotion dysregulation is now recognized across disciplines and theoretical perspectives as a transdiagnostic feature of various mental health outcomes, and is represented in multiple elements of the Research Domain Criteria matrix (e.g., Beauchaine, 2015; Bradley et al., 2011; McLaughlin, Hatzenbuehler, Mennin, & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2011; National Institute of Mental Health, 2019; Sheppes, Suri, & Gross, 2015). This recognition follows from the observations that (a) one or more forms of dysregulated emotion are observed across all empirically derived structural dimensions of psychopathology, including internalizing disorders, externalizing disorders, and psychotic disorders (see Beauchaine, 2001; Beauchaine & Zisner, 2017; Gross & Jazaieri, 2014; Hostinar & Cicchetti, 2019); (b) emotion dysregulation is a common feature of personality disturbance, and is therefore one of four general criteria for personality disorders (American Psychiatric Association, 2013; Trull, 2012); (c) disrupted top-down modulation of emotional reactivity is observed in many forms of psychopathology, even though functional subdivisions of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) that subserve emotion regulation differ depending on the class of emotion considered (see below; Beauchaine, 2015; Palacios-Barrios & Hanson, 2019); and (d) emotion dysregulation in childhood and adolescence confers prospective vulnerability to psychopathology in adulthood (see Cole, Hall, & Hajal, 2017). Thus, specifying and altering complex transactions through which endogenous vulnerabilities transact with social dynamics to reinforce emotion dysregulation and canalize its neuroplastic substrates is of utmost importance to those who seek to prevent and treat various forms of mental illness (e.g., Beauchaine, Constantino, & Hayden, 2018; Beauchaine, Hinshaw, & Bridge, 2019; Eisenberg et al., 2001; Graziano, Keane, & Calkins, 2010; Thompson & Meyer, 2007).
TL;DR: In this article, a theoretical model that investigates both individual and team-level mechanisms that mediate the effect of social learning was proposed to extend social learning theory to a multi-level perspective.
Abstract: Extending social learning theory to a multi-level perspective, this study proposes a theoretical model that investigates both individual and team-level mechanisms that mediate the effect of...
TL;DR: In this paper, a configurational model was developed to analyze stakeholder integration strategies for high sustainability performance of innovation in new product development (NPD) processes, and the results imply that deep organizational engagement with stakeholders is necessary for the achievement of high performance.
TL;DR: The main focus of the present review lies on the intraindividual changes in empathy and perspective-taking across the lifespan and on interindividual differences on subclinical and clinical levels.
Abstract: Humans have the capacity to share others' emotions, be they positive or negative. Elicited by the observed or imagined emotion of another person, an observer develops a similar emotional state herself. This capacity, empathy, is one of the pillars of social understanding and interaction as it creates a representation of another's inner, mental state. Empathy needs to be dissociated from other social emotions and, crucially, also from cognitive mechanisms of understanding others, the ability to take others' perspective. Here, we describe the conceptual distinctions of these constructs and review behavioral and neural evidence that dissociates them. The main focus of the present review lies on the intraindividual changes in empathy and perspective-taking across the lifespan and on interindividual differences on subclinical and clinical levels. The data show that empathy and perspective-taking recruit distinct neural circuits and can be discerned already during early and throughout adult development. Both capacities also vary substantially between situations and people. Differences can be systematically related to situational characteristics as well as personality traits and mental disorders. The clear distinction of affect sharing from other social emotions like compassion and from cognitive perspective-taking, argues for a clear-cut terminology to describe these constructs. In our view, this speaks against using empathy as an umbrella term encompassing all affective and cognitive routes to understanding others. Unifying the way we speak about these phenomena will help to further research on their underlying mechanisms, psychopathological alterations, and plasticity in training and therapy.
TL;DR: In this article, a comprehensive review of transfer learning methods, both shallow and deep, for cross-dataset visual recognition is presented, where the authors take a problem-oriented perspective.
Abstract: This article takes a problem-oriented perspective and presents a comprehensive review of transfer-learning methods, both shallow and deep, for cross-dataset visual recognition. Specifically, it categorises the cross-dataset recognition into 17 problems based on a set of carefully chosen data and label attributes. Such a problem-oriented taxonomy has allowed us to examine how different transfer-learning approaches tackle each problem and how well each problem has been researched to date. The comprehensive problem-oriented review of the advances in transfer learning with respect to the problem has not only revealed the challenges in transfer learning for visual recognition but also the problems (e.g., 8 of the 17 problems) that have been scarcely studied. This survey not only presents an up-to-date technical review for researchers but also a systematic approach and a reference for a machine-learning practitioner to categorise a real problem and to look up for a possible solution accordingly.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that adoption provides a legitimate model for the alternative care of children if undertaken within a rights and ethics framework that emphasizes children's best interests, as set out in international conventions and national laws.
Abstract: Existing over many centuries, adoption has been challenged in recent years by evidence about practices that do not respond to the principles, ethics and laws under which it should be enacted. Written from a multidisciplinary and international perspective, this article outlines the place of adoption in the child protection system, as well as its core elements of permanence and stability. Recent demographic changes in adoption throughout the world are first examined. The negative consequences of children’s exposure to early adversities and the post-adoption developmental trajectory of adopted people are also summarized. The focus of the argument is that adoption provides a legitimate model for the alternative care of children if undertaken within a rights and ethics framework that emphasizes children’s best interests, as set out in international conventions and national laws. Implications for adoption policy and practice are presented.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe the Dynamic S..., a conceptualisation of teachers' learning that captures the complex, contextualised, and dynamic nature of professional growth, and describe the dynamic S...
Abstract: Scholars have called for new conceptualisations of teachers’ learning that capture the complex, contextualised, and dynamic nature of professional growth. In this article, we describe the Dynamic S...
TL;DR: The roots of blockchain technologies are deeply interwoven in distributed computing, and the future of this technology is likely to be driven by the combination of smart contracts and distributed systems.
Abstract: The roots of blockchain technologies are deeply interwoven in distributed computing.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors propose that newcomers contribute to organizational innovation by bringing in new knowledge and ideas, and by collaborating and exchanging with incumbents, on the other hand, and propose that an orga...
Abstract: Newcomers contribute to organizational innovation by bringing in new knowledge and ideas, on the one hand, and by collaborating and exchanging with incumbents, on the other. We propose that an orga...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed a model of academic career success from a job demands-resources perspective, recognizing the environmental changes and challenges that have impacted academics over the past 20 years.
Abstract: Recognizing the environmental changes and challenges that have impacted academics over the past 20 years, we develop a model of academic career success from a job demands-resources perspective. We ...
TL;DR: In this paper, a novel idea-centric perspective is proposed to study power-laden aspects of institutional life in fields, using data from the field of impact investing in Europe from 2006-2018.
Abstract: We advance a novel idea-centric perspective to study power-laden aspects of institutional life in fields. Our study includes data from the field of impact investing in Europe from 2006–2018, collec...