Showing papers on "Pervious concrete published in 2014"
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of different size fractions of coarse aggregate, water-to-cement ratio, cement content, and coarse aggregate volume on the relationships between compressive strength, tensile strength, porosity, and permeability was investigated.
201 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, rice husk ash (RHA) was used in order to strengthen pozzolanic cement paste and the effect of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10% and 12% weight percentages as a cement replacement in concrete mixtures on the mechanical properties was studied.
163 citations
TL;DR: In this article, three types of rubber were used in the production of rubberized plain pervious concrete mixtures which obtained by partially replacing the aggregate with rubber, and the results showed that the use of rubber significantly aggravated the perviouscrete mechanical properties and its permeability.
146 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of particle size and volume content of waste tire rubber on the flexural strength, abrasion and freezing thawing resistances of pervious concretes were investigated.
145 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a scaling factor has been defined to evenly distribute the cement paste toward the size of gravel, and a binder drainage test is proposed to determine the critical w/c ratio towards to prevent the flow of cement paste to the lower layers of concrete under the action of vibration or compaction.
145 citations
TL;DR: An international literature review was undertaken to identify the most appropriate design for a pervious paving system as discussed by the authors, which revealed that information contained in design guidelines is often unclear and occasionally conflicting and this can be confusing for designers and other stormwater professionals.
Abstract: An international literature review was undertaken to identify the most appropriate design for a pervious paving system. The literature review revealed that information contained in design guidelines is often unclear and occasionally conflicting and this can be confusing for designers and other stormwater professionals. This literature review was to form the basis of a design for a new research study on the benefits of using pervious pavements to promote street tree health has recently commenced at the University of the Sunshine Coast (USC) in Australia. The review identified four typical pervious paving surfaces porous concrete (PC) porous asphalt (PA), permeable inter locking concrete pavers (PICP) and concrete and plastic grid pavers (CGP and PGP). All four pavement surfaces were found to have high stormwater pollutant removal performance in a variety of conditions, with a wide range of designs. Maintenance procedures can have a significant impact on the rate of clogging of pervious pavements which can impact on the effective life span and there is conflicting and unreliable evidence to support the inclusion of a geofabric layer within pervious paving systems.. This paper summarises the literature review findings and is intended as a practical resource for designers and researchers of pervious pavement systems.; ;
126 citations
TL;DR: Water quality performance of three partial-infiltration permeable pavement systems and a conventional asphalt pavement in Ontario was examined to find that permeable pavements can mitigate the impact of urbanization on receiving surface water systems through quantity control and stormwater treatment.
112 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the fracture response of pervious concrete specimens proportioned for different porosities, as a function of the pore structure features and fiber volume fraction, is studied.
81 citations
TL;DR: Considering that pervious pavements constitute an efficient solution to manage urban stormwater runoff as a source control system, this paper presents a multi-criteria approach based on the Integrated Value Model for Sustainable Assessments (MIVES) method to facilitate their proper selection.
Abstract: Multi-criteria decision making methods (MCDM) have been widely used throughout the last years to assist project contractors in selection processes related to the construction field. Sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS) are an especially suitable discipline to implement these techniques, since they involve important impacts on each branch of sustainability: economy, environment and society. Considering that pervious pavements constitute an efficient solution to manage urban stormwater runoff as a source control system, this paper presents a multi-criteria approach based on the Integrated Value Model for Sustainable Assessments (MIVES) method to facilitate their proper selection. Given the lack of accurate information to shape the behavior of the alternatives regarding some of the criteria defining the decision-making environment, a series of variables are modeled by executing stochastic simulations based on the Monte Carlo methods. Additionally, a group of ten experts from various sectors related to water management was requested to provide their opinions about the importance of the set of selected criteria, according to the comparison levels of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). These judgments are converted into triangular fuzzy numbers, in order to capture the vagueness that human attitude entails when making judgments. A case of study in which the three major types of pervious pavements (porous asphalt, porous concrete and interlocking concrete pavers) are evaluated is presented to demonstrate the potential of the model.
69 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the results indicated that the water permeability coefficient and connected porosity decreased as the amount of binder used increased and increased with increasing aggregate size, while the compressive, splitting tensile, and flexural strength increased as binder usage increased and decreased with the increase of aggregate size.
Abstract: Specimens were prepared by altering parameters such as aggregate sizes, binder materials, and the amounts of binder used and were subsequently tested by using permeability, porosity, mechanical strength, and soundness tests. The results indicated that the water permeability coefficient and connected porosity decreased as the amount of binder used increased and increased with increasing aggregate size. In the mechanical strength test, the compressive, splitting tensile, and flexural strengths increased as the amount of binder used increased and decreased with the increase of aggregate size. Highly viscous binder enhanced compressive strength, water permeability, and the resistance to sulfate attacks. In the mechanics and sulfate soundness tests, the mix proportion of alkali-activated slag paste used in this study exhibited a superior performance than the Portland cement pervious concrete (the control) did, but the difference in water permeability between the two types of concrete was insignificant. The mix proportions of cement paste containing 20% and 30% silica fume exhibited less mechanical strength than the control did. Moreover, compared with the control, the cement paste containing silica fume demonstrated poor resistance to sulfate attacks, and the difference in the water permeability between such specimen and the control was not noticeable.
TL;DR: In this paper, an unimpaired porosity-permeability relationship was generated using pervious concrete specimens which had uniform porosity throughout, and the relationship was then used in conjunction with the vertical porosity distribution of surface compacted perviouscrete specimens to generate a vertical permeability distribution.
TL;DR: In this paper, a ground-improvement method using pervious concrete piles was proposed to improve the performance of different structures supported on poor soils. But, their behavior depends on the confinement provided by surrounding soil, which limits their use in very soft clays and silts and organic and peat soils.
Abstract: Permeable granular columns are used to increase the time rate of consolidation, reduce liquefaction potential, improve bearing capacity, and reduce settlement. However, their behavior depends on the confinement provided by surrounding soil, which limits their use in very soft clays and silts, and organic and peat soils. This research effort aims to develop a new ground-improvement method using pervious concrete piles. Pervious concrete piles provide higher stiffness and strength that are independent of surrounding soil confinement while offering permeability comparable to granular columns. This proposed ground-improvement method can improve the performance of different structures supported on poor soils. To achieve the goal of the research project, four vertical load tests were performed on one granular column and three pervious concrete piles. In this paper, the material properties of pervious concrete, the developed installation method, and the vertical load response of pervious concrete and aggregate piles are presented, and the variation of soil stresses and displacement during pile installation are briefly discussed. The experimental test results show that the ultimate load capacity of the pervious concrete pile was 4.4 times greater than that of an identical granular column. In addition, the ultimate load capacity of a pervious concrete pile installed using the developed technique was 2.6 times greater than a precast pervious concrete pile. The used installation method created nonuniform lateral soil displacement and increased vertical and horizontal soil stresses.
TL;DR: The ASTM method for measuring the infiltration rate of in-place pervious concrete provides limited guidance on how to select test locations and how results should be interpreted to assess surface condition and maintenance needs as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The ASTM method for measuring the infiltration rate of in-place pervious concrete provides limited guidance on how to select test locations and how results should be interpreted to assess surface condition and maintenance needs. The ASTM method is written specifically for pervious concrete, so additional research is needed to determine the applicability of this method to other permeable pavement types. In 2009, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency constructed a 0.4-ha parking lot surfaced with permeable interlocking concrete pavers (PICP), pervious concrete (PC), and porous asphalt (PA). Surface infiltration testing was conducted for almost three years, and two methods were used to select test locations: monthly testing at randomly selected locations and quarterly testing at fixed locations. Infiltration rates were significantly different for each pavement type. With almost three years of use, maintenance has yet to be required, although infiltration has decreased in areas immediately downgrad...
TL;DR: This paper investigated whether pervious concrete is effective in removing dissolved zinc and copper contaminants from stormwater runoff, and found that it is effective for removal of dissolved zinc contaminants from runoff using pre-and post accelerated loading.
TL;DR: The polymer-modified porous concrete surface course in combination with limestone aggregate sub-base presented the best performance in monitoring water quality indicators.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of porous sound-absorbing concrete slabs on railway noise reduction is examined in a test section, and the results from the laboratory studies are used to make porous sound absorbing concrete slab, which are applied in the test section.
Abstract: The effect of porous sound-absorbing concrete slabs on railway noise reduction is examined in this paper. First, the acoustical absorption coefficients of porous concrete materials with various aggregate types, gradations, fibre contents, and compaction indexes are measured in the laboratory. The laboratory results show that porous concrete that uses a composite of expanded perlite and slag as aggregate can not only obtain good acoustical absorption properties but also satisfy mechanical requirements. Also, the gradation of the combined aggregate has a significant effect on the acoustic absorption performance of the porous concrete, with an optimal aggregate gradation of 1~3 mm. Furthermore, the fibre content and compaction index affect both the strength and the acoustic absorption property of the porous concrete, with the optimum value of 0.3% and 1.6, respectively. Then, the findings from the laboratory studies are used to make porous sound-absorbing concrete slabs, which are applied in a test section. The measurements indicate that porous sound-absorbing concrete slabs can significantly reduce railway noise at different train speeds and that the amount of the noise reduction changes roughly linearly with speed when the train is traveling at less than 200 km/h. The maximum noise reduction is 4.05 dB at a speed of 200 km/h.
TL;DR: Abrasion resistance of pervious concrete was evaluated on core and cast specimens by using the Rotating-Cutter method and the Impact Abrasion method as discussed by the authors, and the analysis of the core specimens indicated that the impact brasion method had a low within-test coefficient of variation and was able to differentiate among mixtures.
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of Portland cement porous concrete on tire-pavement noise reduction was investigated in the laboratory for porous concrete materials representing combinations of various maximum aggregate sizes, gradation, layer thickness, and composition layers.
Abstract: This study investigates the effect of Portland cement porous concrete on tire-pavement noise reduction. The acoustical absorption coefficients were measured in the laboratory for porous concrete materials representing combinations of various maximum aggregate sizes, gradation, layer thickness, and composition layers. The laboratory results indicated that porous concrete with a maximum aggregate size of 9.5 mm had the highest acoustical absorption coefficient. They also showed that the peak absorption coefficient depends on the mixture characteristics and the thickness of the specimen. A thickness of 80 mm had optimum absorption. The results from the laboratory study were used to design and build a test road in the field with two test cells. The wet-on-wet construction method was successfully used to build the porous cement friction course over conventional concrete pavement. Tire-pavement noise was measured on the test cells using the close-proximity method under various vehicle speeds and differe...
TL;DR: In this article, a method of comparing the performance of pervious concrete cores and compacted cylinders is proposed, which uses cylinders subjected to different compaction levels via a Proctor-hammer to create curves that relate the concrete porosity and the desired property.
TL;DR: In this paper, the ability of pervious concrete pavement material to reduce pollutant concentrations and purify water was investigated in diluted sulfuric acid, artificial seawater, and motor oil tests.
Abstract: In this research, the ability of pervious concrete pavement material to reduce pollutant concentrations and purify water was investigated. This project mainly aims to study the ability of pervious concrete pavement material to reduce pollutant concentrations such as those in diluted sulfuric acid, seawater, and motor oil. The results demonstrated that the ability of pervious concrete pavement material to reduce pollutant concentrations and purify water was effective in diluted sulfuric acid, artificial seawater, and motor oil tests. After flowing through pervious concrete pavement, a diluted sulfuric acid solution (pH value 2.0) could dramatically increase its pH value to approximately 7.0. A pervious concrete pavement system could greatly decrease the content of an artificial seawater solution (salinity 36%) to about 1%, and the oil content of motor oil combined with certain types of water could also be significantly decreased to 1%. The study demonstrates that pervious concrete pavement holds potential for environment conservation and hydrologic consideration.
TL;DR: It was found that Pb immobilization was greater than either Cu or Zn, and Zn is the most mobile among three and also has the highest variation in the observed degree of immobilization.
TL;DR: In this paper, the concept of paste film-forming ability is introduced as a parameter for mixture proportioning of pervious concrete and two new test methods are also developed, Ideal Paste T Hickness (IPT) and A ctual P aste T hickness (APT), which can be used as a standardized parameter to evaluate the filmforming ability of cement pastes.
TL;DR: In this paper, a probabilistic optimization process was proposed to reconstruct porous concrete specimens with different void distributions using low-order probability functions, which can be used for numerical experiments so as to reduce the number of real experiments.
TL;DR: An alternative mechanism for accelerated carbon sequestration in concrete was investigated in this article based on the pH change of waters in contact with pervious concrete which have been submerged in carbonate laden waters.
01 Jul 2014
TL;DR: Pervious concrete was investigated for potential use as a permeable reactive barrier (PRB) for treatment of acid mine drainage (AMD) as discussed by the authors, and the concrete PRB treatment led to the effective removal of major metals from the AMD.
Abstract: Pervious concrete was investigated for potential use as a permeable reactive barrier (PRB) for treatment of acid mine drainage (AMD). Pervious concrete mixtures of various water/cement ratios (0·50, 0·40, 0·35, 0·30, 0·27) and cement contents (300, 360, 380, 400 kg/m3) were prepared. Dolomite and granite aggregate types, size 9·5 mm, were employed. The tests performed were density, compressive strength and porosity. Water treatment was determined by analysis of the influent and effluent AMD after passage through the pervious concrete. It was found that a filter thickness of at least 500 mm was required to increase the pH of acidic mine water from 2·8 to between 5 and 7, and achieve a corresponding reduction in electrical conductivity. When used in the filter mix design, the granite aggregate gave better treatment performance in comparison with the dolomite aggregate. The concrete PRB treatment led to the effective removal of major metals from the AMD. The treatment reduced the metals in the AMD by 30% sul...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors compared the winter quality of storm water outflows from one pervious concrete and two permeable interlocking concrete pavement systems with runoff from an asphalt control pavement.
Abstract: This study, conducted between 2010 and 2012, compares the winter quality of storm water outflows from one pervious concrete and two permeable interlocking concrete pavement systems with runoff from an asphalt control pavement. The permeable pavement systems were designed for partial infiltration with underdrains. During the winter, the pavements were plowed and, occasionally, salted. Analyses are based on samples of permeable pavement effluent and asphalt runoff collected for 19 events over two winter seasons. The permeable pavement systems performed similarly and provided excellent storm water treatment during winter months by reducing event mean concentrations (EMC) and total pollutant loadings for petroleum hydrocarbons, total suspended solids, metals (copper, iron, manganese, and zinc), and nutrients (total-nitrogen and total-phosphorus). The permeable pavements were also shown to provide temporary storage and create opportunities for the dilution of sodium and chloride in outflows. Road salt was identified as a pollutant source for numerous pollutants beyond sodium and chloride. Freezing conditions did not inhibit the functionality of the permeable pavement systems for storm water treatment.
TL;DR: In this article, a case study describing a project in British Columbia, Canada where 1000ft 2 of asphalt was replaced with a pervious concrete system is described. Ongoing tests to monitor the performance of this test slab are also described.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed the infiltration performance of polymer-modified porous concrete (PC) and porous asphalt (PA-16) for 0, 3, 5, 7 and 10% slope on newly built and clogged surfaces, enabling comparison of the infiltration behaviour.
Abstract: Permeable pavements are one of the world's most widely applied techniques for source control in sustainable drainage systems. Porous concrete (PC) and porous asphalt (PA) are two of the most studied surfaces in terms of runoff reduction. Nevertheless, previous research has highlighted a lack of a comprehensive laboratory methodology for the analysis of the topographical variables, runoff surface length (RSL) and surface slope (SS), and their impact on the infiltration behaviour of these porous surfaces. This research paper analyses the infiltration performance of polymer-modified PC and PA-16 for 0, 3, 5, 7 and 10% slope on newly built and clogged surfaces, using an improved version of the Cantabrian fixed infiltrometer and LCS permeameter, enabling comparison of the infiltration behaviour. This laboratory methodology has proved to be well suited to the study of the infiltration behaviour of porous surfaces and also to the quantification of their infiltration capacity reduction due to clogging. As main results, this paper presents regression models with high R2 obtained with a confidence level of 95%, based on RSL and SS variables, corresponding to each porous surface and clogging level.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors extend the know-how to pervious concrete pavements and show that evaporation of storm water retained in the perviouscrete system becomes an important design parameter.
Abstract: As the use of pervious concrete pavements increases, evaporation of storm water retained in the pervious concrete system becomes an important design parameter. This paper extends the knowle...