Petroleum reservoir

About: Petroleum reservoir is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 5403 publications have been published within this topic receiving 83535 citations. The topic is also known as: petroleum deposit.

Hydrodynamic Conditions of Hydrocarbon Accumulation Exemplified by the Carboniferous Formation in the Lublin Synclinorium, Poland

Abstract: Groundwater movement in a selected aquifer of a sedimentary basin in the Lublin synclinorium is considered on the basis of rock and fluid data, and conditions of migration and accumulation of hydrocarbons are presented. The problem of groundwater movement is solved analytically, taking into consideration variable density of water and variable permeability of rocks. A modified theory is advanced to define more precisely the position of potential oil and gas traps. The theory introduced here is more universal than Hubbert's theory because it accepts both the variability of the oil, gas, and water density (static effect) and the groundwater motion (dynamic effect). The suggested method of determining the positions of potential hydrodynamic petroleum traps is comparatively simple to apply and gives good results in regions with high hydraulic gradients and high variablility of salinity and hydrocarbon densities.

Mapping permeable reservoir formations by measuring the elastic nonlinear interactions of a seismic wave as it propagates through the reservoir rock matrix and its pore fluids

Abstract: Permeability is one of the most important factors in influencing the commercial viability of a hydrocarbon reservoir. So far, permeability cannot be measured directly in-situ in reservoir formations. This invention relates to the field of estimating in-situ permeability of the reservoir rock formations. The measurements can be made across two wells or in a single well. Due to the morphology of their pore interconnections and the pore fluids in the rock, permeable rocks are elastically nonlinear. In a permeable rock, which is elastically nonlinear, the interactions between two elastic waves can be used in a unique way to map its physical properties. In this invention, the interaction of an elastic wave generated within the permeable rock with an externally generated seismic signal is used to determine the bulk tortuosity and bulk permeability of a reservoir rock formation.

Hydrocarbon Resources of the Polish Carpathian Foredeep: Reservoirs, Traps, and Selected Hydrocarbon Fields

Abstract: The intention of this chapter is to present a short description of the reservoir rocks, recognized types of the hydrocarbons traps, and a few chosen oil and gas fields in the basement and in the Miocene cover of the Carpathian Foredeep. Most of the oil produced from the Carpathian Foredeep basin has come from Oxfordian carbonates and Cenomanian sandstones, two of the most oil-productive reservoir rocks. The Devonian, Carboniferous, and Cretaceous carbonates are the secondary basement reservoirs. However, from the commercial point of view, the overlying Miocene clastic deposits cover has the prominent status. It consists of excellent source and reservoir rocks that have produced large amounts of gas. The primary reservoirs are sandstones of different depositional elements of submarine fans, sandstones of deltaic environments (large mouth bar, distributary channels, and others), the shallow-marine clastic deposits of estuaries, and sandy barriers. Sporadically, the gas accumulations are located in the secondary porous anhydrites. The most common basement oil and gas trap is the combination structural-stratigraphic type with varying systems of sealing. Traps are related mainly to the sub-Miocene and less to the sub-Cretaceous unconformity. The pinching-out stratigraphic traps are known from the Cenomanian sandstones. The stratigraphic traps in the carbonate buildups (reefs) have still-undiscovered potential. The traps for gas accumulations in the Miocene (Badenian and Sarmatian) deposits of the Carpathian Foredeep are related, first of all, to the paleomorphology of the pre-Miocene basement formed by the erosion supported by the faulting processes. This type of trap is classified as the compactional trap. The second, very productive structural traps were recognized beneath the Carpathian sole thrust, at the front of the Carpathians. The fault-related trapping mechanism is also known from several gas fields. The pinching-out trap types caused by the horizontal and the vertical facies changes are sparse and occur most commonly in the topmost part of the Miocene succession because of the more favorable facies and less compactional deformation of the strata. During last 50 yr of exploration, more than 120 gas and oil fields were discovered in the Carpathian Foredeep. The bulk of the produced hydrocarbons (97%, mainly gas) were contained in the Miocene deposits, with a further 3% in the Miocene basement. The Miocene contains only gas fields, whereas both oil and gas were found in the basement rocks. The Miocene gas fields are typically multihorizontal and saturated by gas with a very high methane content, normally from 95 to 99%. About 90 billion m3 (3.2 tcf) of this kind of gas has already been produced. The Przemysl gas fields group is the largest in Poland with gas initially in place (GIIP) of nearly 71 billion m3 (2.5 tcf), and the cumulative field production, as of December 31, 2002, amounted to 55 billion m3 (1.9 tcf). The Grobla and Plawowice are the biggest oil fields accumulated in the Oxfordian carbonates and Cenomanian sandstones of the Carpathian Foredeep basement. A few important gas fields, like Tarnow and Lubaczow, were also founded in the Oxfordian carbonates. According to the results of the latest deep wells, the basement of the Carpathian Foredeep is still highly prospective for hydrocarbons, especially the Devonian and Carboniferous carbonates in the central part of the foredeep and the Oxfordian buildups in the more western part. The deep wells like Hermanowa proved to be a very high source potential of the lower Paleozoic rocks, which allows for the prediction of new significant oil and gas discoveries in the nearest future. The improvement of methods, particularly the direct hydrocarbon indicators method, opened a new stage of exploration for gas accumulations in the Miocene deposits. In only the last 8 yr, nearly 20 new gas fields were discovered on the basis of such interpretation results.

Application of instantaneous spectral analysis and acoustic impedance wedge modeling for imaging the thin beds and fluids of fluvial sand systems of Indus Basin, Pakistan

Abstract: Fluvial sand frameworks have magnificent oil and gas reservoirs far and wide. The reservoir sands are exceedingly compartmentalized by the broadened fault framework. So, to distinguish the thin beds of gas-bearing facies is an assessment for band-limited stratigraphic investigation. To conquest this issue, we execute the progressed seismic ascribe methods to the 3D seismic information of the Miano area of the Indus Basin, SW Pakistan. Apparatuses, for example, the seismic amplitude and coherence are discovered less exact for reservoir description. Sweetness analysis indicates the gas-bearing reservoir facies, which are compartmentalized by the NNW–SSE oriented normal fault system. Yet, the continuous wavelet transforms (CWT) of spectral decomposition (SD) separates the thick and thin sand beds of channel sand and point bars, which were not unsurprising utilizing the band-limited seismic properties. 22 Hz demonstrates the best amplitude tuning cube, which recognizes the profitable clastic (sand-filled barrier bars) sequences. The net-to-gross (N/G) examination uncovers the barrier bars as the chief hydrocarbon-bearing facies. 22 to 37 Hz frequencies confirm the occurrence of hydrocarbon sands. The acoustic impedance (AI) wedge model settles the thin beds of barrier bars sands, which are encased inside the shales, and affirm the suggestions for gas-bearing stratigraphic traps.

Tectonic Evolution of the Leshan-Longnvsi Paleo-uplift and Reservoir Formation of Neoproterozoic Sinian Gas

Abstract: Taking Dengying Formation of Neoproterozoic Sinian of Leshan-Longnvsi paleo-uplift as a target, relationship between the evolution of paleo-uplift and hydrocarbon accumulation has been studied.It has undergone several periods of tectonic movements during the Leshan-Longnvsi paleo-uplift:Tongwan movement,including episode I and episodeⅡ,controlling the development of paleo-karsting;Caledonian movement,controlling the formation of embryonic paleo-uplift;Hercynian movement,Indo-China movement and Yanshanian movement,controlling the oil and gas reservoir process.During these periods,paleo-uplift generally inherently developed,while paleo-uplift axis continuously migrated from northwest to southeastward and finally set in Himalayan.Based on the researches on fluid inclusions and burial history,it was recognized that there were three key generation or expulsion periods,i.e.,Silurian,early Triassic and JurassicCretaceous sedimentary stages,respectively.There were seven periods during the Sinian Dengying Formation:initial charge,hydrocarbon stagnation,secondary charge,formation,migration and cracking of paleooil reservoir,and formation of gas reservoir.Combined numerical simulation with oil and gas exploration, gas reservoir modeling of Dengying Formation in Sinian was established.Gas reservoir group were distributed as a cluster block in the slope of paleo-uplift where Well Gaoshi1existed.They showed as layered distribution in plane.The slope of paleo-uplift was an important gas exploration area.And it was also recognized that petroleum system of neoproterozoic in China would play a significant role for oil prospecting.