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Phaeodactylum tricornutum
About: Phaeodactylum tricornutum is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1904 publications have been published within this topic receiving 72652 citations.
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École Normale Supérieure1, J. Craig Venter Institute2, Joint Genome Institute3, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research4, University of Konstanz5, University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee6, University of Melbourne7, University of Washington8, University of Nantes9, University of Wisconsin-Madison10, Ghent University11, University of Rhode Island12, Sewanee: The University of the South13, University of Arizona14, Hebrew University of Jerusalem15, Georgia Institute of Technology16, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology17, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn18, University of British Columbia19, Stanford University20, Scottish Association for Marine Science21, University of North Carolina at Wilmington22
TL;DR: Analysis of molecular divergence compared with yeasts and metazoans reveals rapid rates of gene diversification in diatoms, and documents the presence of hundreds of genes from bacteria, likely to provide novel possibilities for metabolite management and for perception of environmental signals.
Abstract: Diatoms are photosynthetic secondary endosymbionts found throughout marine and freshwater environments, and are believed to be responsible for around one- fifth of the primary productivity on Earth(1,2). The genome sequence of the marine centric diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana was recently reported, revealing a wealth of information about diatom biology(3-5). Here we report the complete genome sequence of the pennate diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum and compare it with that of T. pseudonana to clarify evolutionary origins, functional significance and ubiquity of these features throughout diatoms. In spite of the fact that the pennate and centric lineages have only been diverging for 90 million years, their genome structures are dramatically different and a substantial fraction of genes (similar to 40%) are not shared by these representatives of the two lineages. Analysis of molecular divergence compared with yeasts and metazoans reveals rapid rates of gene diversification in diatoms. Contributing factors include selective gene family expansions, differential losses and gains of genes and introns, and differential mobilization of transposable elements. Most significantly, we document the presence of hundreds of genes from bacteria. More than 300 of these gene transfers are found in both diatoms, attesting to their ancient origins, and many are likely to provide novel possibilities for metabolite management and for perception of environmental signals. These findings go a long way towards explaining the incredible diversity and success of the diatoms in contemporary oceans.
1,500 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the carbon isotopic composition of the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum (δ13Cp) was measured over a series of growth rates (μ) in a continuous culture system in which both δ133CCO2 and [CO2]aq were determined.
722 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the carbon isotopic compositions of the marine diatom Porosira glacialis and the marine cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. were measured over a series of growth rates (μ) in a continuous culture system in which the concentration and carbon isotope composition of CO2(aq) were determined.
628 citations
TL;DR: The essential amino-acids in the microalgae were either similar to or greater than the levels of the same amino acids in oyster larvae, thus indicating a high protein quality for all microalgal species.
529 citations
TL;DR: Increasing extent of phosphorus limitation resulted in increased lipid content in the Bacillariophyceae and PrymnesiophyCEae and decreased lipid contentin the green flagellates N. atomus and Tetraselmis sp.
Abstract: Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Chaetoceros sp. (Badllariophyceae), Isochrysis galbana (clone T-Iso) and Pavlova lutheri (Prymnesiophyceae), Nannochloris atomus (Chlorophyceae), Tetraselmis sp. (Prasinophyceae), and Gymnodinum sp. (Dinophyceae) were cultured at different extents of nutrient-limited growth: 50 and 5% of μmax. The lipid content of the algae was in the range 8.3–29.5% of dry matter and was generally higher in the Prymnesiophyceae than in the Prasinophyceae and the Chlorophyceae. Increasing extent of phosphorus limitation resulted in increased lipid content in the Bacillariophyceae and Prymnesiophyceae and decreased lipid content in the green flagellates N. atomus and Tetraselmis sp.
The fatty acid composition of the algae showed taxonomic conformity, especially for the Bacillariophyceae, where the major fatty adds were 14:0, 16:0, 16:1, and 20:5n-3. These fatty acids were dominant also in the Prymnesiophyceae together with 22:6n-3. An exception was I. galbana, in which 18:1 was the major monounsaturated fatty add and 20:5n-3 was absent. The fatty acids of N. atomus and Tetraselmis sp. varied somewhat, but 16:0, 16:1, 18:1, 18:3n-3, and 20:5n-3 were most abundant. Gymnodinum sp. contained mainly 16:0, 18:4n-3, 20: 5n-3, and 22:6n-3. An increased level of nutrient limitation (probably phosphorus) resulted in a higher relative content of 16:0 and 18:1 and a lower relative content of 18:4n-3, 20:5n-3, and 22:6n-3. The nutrient limitation probably reduced the synthesis of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.
502 citations