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Phase conjugation
About: Phase conjugation is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 3694 publications have been published within this topic receiving 49099 citations.
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69 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the backward optical wave stimulated by a multimode, monochromatic, incident optical wave in a waveguide filled with a transparent nonlinear medium was considered, and conditions on guide length, area, mode number, and Stokes shift were derived in order that a given high percentage of the power in the backscattered field be the phase conjugate of the incident field.
Abstract: We consider the backward optical wave stimulated by a multimode, monochromatic, incident optical wave in a waveguide filled with a transparent nonlinear medium, when the incident wave is negligibly perturbed by the nonlinear processes We derive the conditions on guide length, area, mode number, and Stokes shift in order that a given high percentage of the power in the backscattered field be the “phase conjugate” of the incident field, ie, be proportional to its complex conjugate in the entrance plane of the waveguide
69 citations
TL;DR: A new method for double phase conjugation particularly suited to the tungsten bronze crystal strontium barium niobate is reported, which is called the bridge conjugator because the two beams enter opposing crystals and fan together to form a bridge without reflection off a crystal face.
Abstract: In this paper we report a new method for double phase conjugation particularly suited to the tungsten bronze crystal strontium barium niobate. It has also been observed to produce conjugate waves in BaTiO(3) and BSKNN. This new arrangement is called the bridge conjugator because the two beams enter opposing [100] crystal faces and fan together to form a bridge without reflection off a crystal face. Our measurements indicate that the bridge conjugator is competitive with previously reported double phase conjugate mirrors in reflectivity, response time, ease of alignment, and fidelity.
69 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a two-dimensional free-space phase conjugation at 10.24 GHz was demonstrated using two types of interconnects, electrical and a more versatile optical technique.
Abstract: A technique has been developed and tested for achieving phase conjugation in the microwave and millimeter-wave regime. The effective nonlinearity required for this phase-conjugation process is provided by electronic mixing elements feeding an array of antennas. Using these balanced mixing circuits in conjunction with a one-dimensional array antenna, we have demonstrated two-dimensional free-space phase conjugation at 10.24 GHz. A critical factor of this technique is the delivery of a 2/spl omega/ pump signal to each array element with the same phase. Two types of interconnects, electrical and a more versatile optical technique, have been implemented to distribute the pump signal in our demonstrations. In both systems, two-dimensional free-space phase conjugation was observed and verified by directly measuring the electric-field amplitude and phase distribution under various conditions. The electric-field wave-fronts exhibited retro-directivity and the auto-correction characteristics of phase conjugation. Furthermore, these experiments have shown amplified conjugate-wave power up to ten times of that of the incoming wave. This amplifying ability demonstrates the potential of such arrays to be used in novel communications applications.
68 citations
TL;DR: The first observation to the authors' knowledge of degenerate four-wave mixing in a sodium-seeded flame is reported and the theoretical dependence of the phase-conjugate output on the sodium concentration is verified experimentally, demonstrating the potential of this procedure as a diagnostic tool to measure species concentration in combusting or noncombusting media.
Abstract: The first observation to our knowledge of degenerate four-wave mixing in a sodium-seeded flame is reported. In addition, the theoretical dependence of the phase-conjugate output on the sodium concentration is verified experimentally, demonstrating the potential of this procedure for use as a diagnostic tool to measure species concentration in combusting or noncombusting media.
68 citations