Phenotypic trait

About: Phenotypic trait is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1443 publications have been published within this topic receiving 36802 citations. The topic is also known as: trait & trait (phenotype).

Efficiency of marker-assisted selection in the improvement of quantitative traits.

Abstract: Molecular genetics can be integrated with traditional methods of artificial selection on phenotypes by applying marker-assisted selection (MAS). We derive selection indices that maximize the rate of improvement in quantitative characters under different schemes of MAS combining information on molecular genetic polymorphisms (marker loci) with data on phenotypic variation among individuals (and their relatives). We also analyze statistical limitations on the efficiency of MAS, including the detectability of associations between marker loci and quantitative trait loci, and sampling errors in estimating the weighting coefficients in the selection index. The efficiency of artificial selection can be increased substantially using MAS following hybridization of selected lines. This requires initially scoring genotypes at a few hundred molecular marker loci, as well as phenotypic traits, on a few hundred to a few thousand individuals; the number of marker loci scored can be greatly reduced in later generations. The increase in selection efficiency from the use of marker loci, and the sample sizes necessary to achieve them, depend on the genetic parameters and the selection scheme.

Human genetic variation and its contribution to complex traits.

Abstract: The last few years have seen extensive efforts to catalogue human genetic variation and correlate it with phenotypic differences. Most common SNPs have now been assessed in genome-wide studies for statistical associations with many complex traits, including many important common diseases. Although these studies have provided new biological insights, only a limited amount of the heritable component of any complex trait has been identified and it remains a challenge to elucidate the functional link between associated variants and phenotypic traits. Technological advances, such as the ability to detect rare and structural variants, and a clear understanding of the challenges in linking different types of variation with phenotype, will be essential for future progress.

Interpreting phenotypic variation in plants.

Abstract: Plant ecologists and evolutionary biologists frequently examine patterns of phenotypic variation across variable environments or genetic identities. Too often, we ignore the fact that most phenotypic traits change throughout growth and development of individual plants, and that rates of growth and development are highly variable. Plants growing in different environments are likely to grow at different rates, and will be of different sizes and stages of development at a particular age. When we compare plants as a function of plant size or developmental stage, as well as a function of age, we broaden our understanding of phenotypic variation between plants.

Recombinant inbred lines for mapping RFLP and phenotypic markers in Arabidopsis thaliana

Abstract: Recombinant inbred (RI) lines of Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) have been generated from a cross between the ecotypes Landsberg erecta and Columbia. Progeny of 300 individual F2 seedlings were taken by single seed descent to the F8 generation. Sixty-seven loci, scored using 64 RFLP probes and one phenotypic marker, chosen at approximately 20 cM intervals from the two previously published RFLP maps, were mapped using 100 of these RI lines. More than 500 other new loci are currently being mapped using these RI lines by several other groups. These 100 RI lines thus provide the material to map new probes or phenotypic traits polymorphic between Landsberg erecta and Columbia, relative to an increasing number of molecular markers. Higher resolution mapping of distinct chromosomal regions can be achieved by analysing the segregation of particular markers on the additional 200 RI lines.

SoyBase, the USDA-ARS soybean genetics and genomics database

Abstract: SoyBase, the USDA-ARS soybean genetic database, is a comprehensive repository for professionally curated genetics, genomics and related data resources for soybean. SoyBase contains the most current genetic, physical and genomic sequence maps integrated with qualitative and quantitative traits. The quantitative trait loci (QTL) represent more than 18 years of QTL mapping of more than 90 unique traits. SoyBase also contains the well-annotated 'Williams 82' genomic sequence and associated data mining tools. The genetic and sequence views of the soybean chromosomes and the extensive data on traits and phenotypes are extensively interlinked. This allows entry to the database using almost any kind of available information, such as genetic map symbols, soybean gene names or phenotypic traits. SoyBase is the repository for controlled vocabularies for soybean growth, development and trait terms, which are also linked to the more general plant ontologies. SoyBase can be accessed at http://soybase.org.