Topic
Phosphatase
About: Phosphatase is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 16305 publications have been published within this topic receiving 726823 citations. The topic is also known as: phosphoric monoester hydrolase & phosphoric monoester hydrolases.
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TL;DR: Gutman et al. as mentioned in this paper showed that the acid phosphatase of serum is reduced in metastatic carcinoma of the prostate by decreasing the activity of androgens through castration or estrogenic injections and that this enzyme is increased by injecting androgens.
Abstract: Carcinoma of the prostate gland is peculiarly favorable for endocrine investigation since frequent serial observations of the activity of phosphatases in serum were found to provide objective indices of activity of the neo/~i~m when the enzymes were increased in amount above normal. In the present paper data are given for the values of serum phosphatases in carcinoma of the prostate and in normal men. We shall demonstrate that the acid phosphatase of serum is reduced in metastatic carcinoma of the prostate by decreasing the activity of androgens through castration or estrogenic injections and that this enzyme is increased by injecting androgens. We have been unable to find previous observations indicating any relationship of hormones to carcinoma of the prostate gland. An enzyme capable of hydrolyzing phosphoric esters was discovered by Grosser and Husler (4) in intestinal mucosa and kidney. Robison (16) found that this enzyme was particularly high in activity in growing bone and cartilage and that its activity was greatest at pH 9 to 9.5. This ~alkaline phosphatase," was found by Kay (9) to be increased in the serum in certain bone diseases including metastasis of neoplasms to bone and later work has shown that among these conditions is carcinoma of the prostate. Davies (3) and Bamann and Riedel (1) discovered that there occurs in the spleen and kidney of swine and cattle, in addition to the alkaline phosphatase, a phosphatase with an activity maximum at pH 4.8. An enzyme believed to be identical with this "acid phosphatase" was found by Kutscher and Wolbergs (11) to be present in very large amount in the human prostate gland. This finding of great activity of acid phosphatase in the prostate gland was confirmed and extended to include prostatic cancer by Gutman, Sproul, and Gutman (7). The serum of certain patients with disseminated prostatic carcinoma was found by Gutman and Gutman (6) and Barringer and Woodard (2) to exhibit increased acid phosphatase activity. Robinson, Gutman, and Gutman'~I5) summarized the acid phosphatase activity levels of 44 patients with carcinoma of the prostate. They concluded that a marked rise in acid phosphatase in serum is associated with the appearance or spread of roentgenologically demonstrable skeletal metastases and implies dissemination of the primary tumor and thus is of unfavorable prognostic significance. METttODS AND MATERIALS
3,534 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a simple method of assaying soil phosphatase activity is described, which involves colorimetric estimation of the p-nitrophenol released by the enzyme when the soil is incubated with buffered (pH 6·5) sodium pnphosphorus solution and toluene at 37°C for 1 hour.
Abstract: A simple method of assaying soil phosphatase activity is described. It involves colorimetric estimation of the p-nitrophenol released by phosphatase activity when soil is incubated with buffered (pH 6·5) sodium p-nitrophenyl phosphate solution and toluene at 37° C for 1 hr. The method is rapid and precise, and it has significant advantages over methods previously proposed for assay of soil phosphatase activity.
3,503 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that a marked rise in acid phosphatase in serum is associated with the appearance or spread of roentgenologically demonstrable skeletal metastases and implies dissemination of the primary tumor and thus is of unfavorable prognostic significance.
Abstract: Carcinoma of the prostate gland is peculiarly favorable for endocrine investigation since frequent serial observations of the activity of phosphatases in serum were found to provide objective indices of activity of the neo/~i~m when the enzymes were increased in amount above normal. In the present paper data are given for the values of serum phosphatases in carcinoma of the prostate and in normal men. We shall demonstrate that the acid phosphatase of serum is reduced in metastatic carcinoma of the prostate by decreasing the activity of androgens through castration or estrogenic injections and that this enzyme is increased by injecting androgens. We have been unable to find previous observations indicating any relationship of hormones to carcinoma of the prostate gland. An enzyme capable of hydrolyzing phosphoric esters was discovered by Grosser and Husler (4) in intestinal mucosa and kidney. Robison (16) found that this enzyme was particularly high in activity in growing bone and cartilage and that its activity was greatest at pH 9 to 9.5. This ~alkaline phosphatase," was found by Kay (9) to be increased in the serum in certain bone diseases including metastasis of neoplasms to bone and later work has shown that among these conditions is carcinoma of the prostate. Davies (3) and Bamann and Riedel (1) discovered that there occurs in the spleen and kidney of swine and cattle, in addition to the alkaline phosphatase, a phosphatase with an activity maximum at pH 4.8. An enzyme believed to be identical with this "acid phosphatase" was found by Kutscher and Wolbergs (11) to be present in very large amount in the human prostate gland. This finding of great activity of acid phosphatase in the prostate gland was confirmed and extended to include prostatic cancer by Gutman, Sproul, and Gutman (7). The serum of certain patients with disseminated prostatic carcinoma was found by Gutman and Gutman (6) and Barringer and Woodard (2) to exhibit increased acid phosphatase activity. Robinson, Gutman, and Gutman'~I5) summarized the acid phosphatase activity levels of 44 patients with carcinoma of the prostate. They concluded that a marked rise in acid phosphatase in serum is associated with the appearance or spread of roentgenologically demonstrable skeletal metastases and implies dissemination of the primary tumor and thus is of unfavorable prognostic significance. METttODS AND MATERIALS
3,277 citations
TL;DR: The method is about seven times as sensitive as the Fiske–SubbaRow procedure and involves less pipetting, but it is not very satisfactory for determining inorganic phosphate if labile phosphate esters are present in large excess.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the assay of inorganic phosphate, total phosphate, and phosphatases. The phosphomolybdate complex is reduced by ascorbic acid. The method is about seven times as sensitive as the Fiske–SubbaRow procedure and involves less pipetting. One can easily determine 0.01 micromole of phosphate. Pyrophosphate breaks down about 5% in the method and compounds such as glucose 1-phosphate also break down somewhat, so that the method is not very satisfactory for determining inorganic phosphate if labile phosphate esters are present in large excess. The sample of organic phosphate and a drop of magnesium nitrate solution in a small test tube are taken to dryness by shaking the tube in flame. The ashing procedure is rapid and is good for various biological materials and phosphate esters such as nucleic acid, carbohydrate phosphate esters, viruses, and phospholipids. The assay method of phosphatases for inorganic phosphate can be used as an assay for phosphatases hydrolyzing stable phosphate esters such as glucose-6-phosphate, ribose-5-phosphate, and histidinol phosphate. The enzyme incubation can be stopped with the one ascorbic-molybdate solution thus avoiding an extra pipetting.
3,256 citations
TL;DR: Genetic manipulation of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria to improve their ability to improve plant growth may include cloning genes involved in both mineral and organic phosphate solubilization, followed by their expression in selected rhizobacterial strains.
2,761 citations