Phosphorus utilization

About: Phosphorus utilization is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 593 publications have been published within this topic receiving 12801 citations.

Nutrient supply, nutrient demand and plant response to mycorrhizal infection.

Abstract: summary One of the most dramatic effects of infection by vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the physiology of the host plant is an increase in phosphorus absorption. When phosphorus is limiting, the maximum extent to which mycorrhizal infection can improve plant performance is thus predicted to be a function of the phosphorus deficit of the plant, the difference between phosphorus demand and phosphorus supply. Phosphorus demand is defined as the rate of phosphorus absorption that would result in optimum performance of the plant as measured by growth rate, reproduction or fitness. The phosphorus supply is defined as the actual rate of phosphorus absorption under the prevailing conditions. Variation among plant taxa in morphological, physiological or phenological traits which affect either phosphorus demand or phosphorus supply (and thus phosphorus deficit) is predicted to lead to variation in potential response to mycorrhizal infection. The actual response to mycorrhizal infection is predicted to be a function of the increase in phosphorus uptake due to mycorrhizal infection and the phosphorus utilization efficiency of the plant. Demonstrated variability in responsiveness to mycorrhizal infection among plant taxa suggests that mycorrhizal fungi may play an important role in determining the structure of plant communities. Mycorrhizal infection may alter the phosphorus deficit or phosphorus utilization efficiency independently from its direct effect on phosphorus uptake, making the prediction of response to mycorrhizal infection based on the traits of non-mycorrhizal plants quite difficult. For example, infection may at times increase the rate of phosphorus accumulation beyond that which can be currently utilized in growth, reducing the current phosphorus utilization efficiency. Such momentary ‘luxury consumption’ of phosphorus may, however, serve a storage function and be utilized subsequently, allowing mycorrhizal plants ultimately to outperform non-mycorrhizal plants.

Phytase-containing Transgenic Seeds as a Novel Feed Additive for Improved Phosphorus Utilization

Abstract: Phytate is the main storage form of phosphorus in many plant seeds, but bound in this form it is a poor nutrient for monogastric animals Its availability can be significantly increased by addition of the enzyme phytase, which releases phosphate from the substrate, phytate We have engineered a phytase from Aspergillus niger in tobacco seeds, providing a stable and convenient packaging of the enzyme that is directly applicable in animal feed The enzyme was expressed as 1 percent of the soluble protein in mature seeds In in vitro tests that simulated chicken crop and stomach conditions, release of phosphate from feed by addition of transgenic seeds was demonstrated Supplementation of broiler diets with transgenic seeds resulted in an unproved growth rate, comparable to diets supplemented with fungal phytase or phosphorus Addition of phytase-transgenic seeds to animal feed thus obviates the need for inorganic phosphorus supplementation, and is environmentally desirable because of the reduced excretion of phosphorus

Nitrate-NRT1.1B-SPX4 cascade integrates nitrogen and phosphorus signalling networks in plants.

Abstract: To ensure high crop yields in a sustainable manner, a comprehensive understanding of the control of nutrient acquisition is required. In particular, the signalling networks controlling the coordinated utilization of the two most highly demanded mineral nutrients, nitrogen and phosphorus, are of utmost importance. Here, we reveal a mechanism by which nitrate activates both phosphate and nitrate utilization in rice (Oryza sativa L.). We show that the nitrate sensor NRT1.1B interacts with a phosphate signalling repressor SPX4. Nitrate perception strengthens the NRT1.1B-SPX4 interaction and promotes the ubiquitination and degradation of SPX4 by recruiting NRT1.1B interacting protein 1 (NBIP1), an E3 ubiquitin ligase. This in turn allows the key transcription factor of phosphate signalling, PHR2, to translocate to the nucleus and initiate the transcription of phosphorus utilization genes. Interestingly, the central transcription factor of nitrate signalling, NLP3, is also under the control of SPX4. Thus, nitrate-triggered degradation of SPX4 activates both phosphate- and nitrate-responsive genes, implementing the coordinated utilization of nitrogen and phosphorus.

The Ecophysiology of Plant-Phosphorus Interactions

Abstract: Contributors.- Preface.- 1. Phosphorus in the global environment H. Tiessen.- 2. Carbon/nitrogen/phosphorus allometric relations across species K.J. Niklas.- 3. Phosphorus and aquatic plants G. Thiebaut.- 4. Phosphorus nutrition of terrestrial plants P.J. White, J.P. Hammond.- 5. Root strategies for phosphorus acquisition J.P. Lynch, K.M. Brown.- 6. Plants without arbuscular mycorrhizae C.P. Vance.- 7. Mycorrhizal symbiosis J.M. Barea Navarro et al.- 8. The role of rhizosphere microorganisms in relation to P uptake by plants P. Marschner.- 9. Soil and fertilizer phosphorus in relation to crop nutrition E.A. Kirkby, A.E. (Johnny) Johnston.- 10. Diagnosing phosphorus deficiency in crop plants J.P. Hammond, P.J. White.- 11. Potential and limitations to improving crops for enhanced phosphorus utilization T.S. George, A.E. Richardson.- 12. Phosphorus and the future J.A. Raven.- Index.-