Phosphorus

About: Phosphorus is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 53120 publications have been published within this topic receiving 939731 citations. The topic is also known as: element 15 & P.

Response of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Growing from 50 to 200 g to Supplements of Dibasic Sodium Phosphate in a Semipurified Diet

Abstract: Effects of increasing dietary concentrations of phosphorus on growth, feed intake, feed conversion, composition of gain and concentration of inorganic phosphate in plasma were studied in rainbow trout. Twelve groups of 20 trout initially weighing 53 ± 0.6 g/fish were fed semipurified diets containing 19.6 MJ digestible energy per kilogram of dry matter. Twelve levels of phosphorus ranging from 1.03 to 10.96 g/kg dry matter were achieved by replacing inorganic binder with dibasic sodium phosphate in 11 graded levels. Nonlinear responses of trout to increasing dietary phosphorus concentration determined over 53 d were described using exponential functions. Feed intake, growth rate and feed conversion ratio as well as plasma inorganic phosphate concentration increased with increasing dietary phosphorus concentration. The concentrations of phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and potassium in weight gain increased, whereas concentrations of lipids and energy in weight gain decreased with increasing dietary phosphorus concentration. Concentrations of protein and sodium in weight gain were unaffected. Different concentrations of dietary phosphorus were required for achieving 95% of the plateau value determined for desired traits. In growth rate and phosphorus deposition, the required phosphorus concentrations were 3.7 and 5.6 g/kg dry matter, respectively. However, dietary phosphorus was utilized most efficiently (88%) at a dietary concentration of 2.5 g/kg dry matter. At the dietary phosphorus concentration that resulted in maximum phosphorus deposition (5.6 g/kg dry matter), phosphorus utilization was about 60%. Supplemental phosphorus from dibasic sodium phosphate was completely available to trout which must be considered in formulating recommendations. Based on this work, 0.25 g available phosphorus/MJ digestible energy is recommended for trout diets.

Water quality of a lowland stream in a New Zealand dairy farming catchment

Abstract: A small stream in a predominantly dairying catchment in the Waikato region of New Zealand was monitored for 2 years at three sites. Total nitrogen (TN) concentrations were up to 7.09 g m‐3 in winter, with the bulk comprising nitrate nitrogen (NO‐ 3‐N). During summer NO‐ 3‐N was near zero and TN mostly comprised organic nitrogen. Maximum concentrations of total phosphorus (TP) and dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) were 1.64 and 0.555 g m‐3, respectively, and peaks coincided with spring and autumn applications of phosphorus fertiliser. Ammoniacal nitrogen concentrations exceeded 1 g m‐3 on several occasions and mean concentrations at the three sites were 0.165–0.272 g m‐3. Faecal coliform and enterococci bacteria concentrations were 64–26000 and 7–23000 cfu per 100 ml, respectively. Specific yields of TN and NO‐ 3‐N (35.3 and 30.7 kg ha yr‐1, respectively) were much greater than any previously reported for New Zealand pasture catchments, whereas TP and DRP yields (1.16 and 0.54 kg ha yr‐1, respec...

Phene Synergism between Root Hair Length and Basal Root Growth Angle for Phosphorus Acquisition

Abstract: Shallow basal root growth angle (BRGA) increases phosphorus acquisition efficiency by enhancing topsoil foraging because in most soils, phosphorus is concentrated in the topsoil Root hair length and density (RHL/D) increase phosphorus acquisition by expanding the soil volume subject to phosphorus depletion through diffusion We hypothesized that shallow BRGA and large RHL/D are synergetic for phosphorus acquisition, meaning that their combined effect is greater than the sum of their individual effects To evaluate this hypothesis, phosphorus acquisition in the field in Mozambique was compared among recombinant inbred lines of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) having four distinct root phenotypes: long root hairs and shallow basal roots, long root hairs and deep basal roots, short root hairs and shallow basal roots, and short root hairs and deep basal roots The results revealed substantial synergism between BRGA and RHL/D Compared with short-haired, deep-rooted phenotypes, long root hairs increased shoot biomass under phosphorus stress by 89%, while shallow roots increased shoot biomass by 58% Genotypes with both long root hairs and shallow roots had 298% greater biomass accumulation than short-haired, deep-rooted phenotypes Therefore, the utility of shallow basal roots and long root hairs for phosphorus acquisition in combination is twice as large as their additive effects We conclude that the anatomical phene of long, dense root hairs and the architectural phene of shallower basal root growth are synergetic for phosphorus acquisition Phene synergism may be common in plant biology and can have substantial importance for plant fitness, as shown here

A Berzelius Reagent, Phosphorus Decasulfide (P4S10), in Organic Syntheses

Abstract: 2.3. Amides and Lactams 3435 2.4. Imides 3448 2.5. Thiophenes 3451 2.6. Thiazolines, Thiazoles, and Thiazines 3454 2.7. Dithiazoles 3456 2.8. Thiadiazoles 3456 2.9. Imidazolines and Pyrimidines 3456 2.10. Alcohols 3458 2.11. PdO to PdS 3461 2.12. Reduction 3462 2.13. Nucleotides, Purines, and Pyrimidines 3463 2.14. Miscellaneous 3467 2.15. P4S10 vs Lawesson’s Reagent (LR) 3473 3. Conclusion 3473 4. Acknowledgments 3473 5. References 3473