Topic
Phosphorus
About: Phosphorus is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 53120 publications have been published within this topic receiving 939731 citations. The topic is also known as: element 15 & P.
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139 citations
TL;DR: A subclinical myopathy may set the stage for rhabdomyolysis if acute, severe hypophosphatemia is superimposed upon a pre-existing sub clinical myopathy, and changes in serum phosphorus and CPK activity resembled those observed in patients with subclinical alcoholic myopathy.
Abstract: Clinical observations suggest that overt rhabdomyolysis may occur if severe hypophosphatemia is superimposed upon a pre-existing subclinical myopathy. To examine this possibility, a subclinical muscle cell injury was induced in 23 dogs by feeding them a phosphorus- and calorie-deficient diet until they lost 30% of their original weight. To induce acute, severe hypophosphatemia in the animals after partial starvation, 17 of the dogs were given large quantities of the same phosphorus-deficient diet in conjunction with an oral carbohydrate supplement, which together provided 140 kcal/kg per day. After phosphorus and caloric deprivation, serum phosphorus and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activity were normal. Total muscle phosphorus content fell from 28.0+/-1.3 to 26.1+/-2.5 mmol/dg fat-free dry solids. Sodium, chloride, and water contents rose. These changes resembled those observed in patients with subclinical alcoholic myopathy. When studied after 3 days of hyperalimentation, the animals not receiving phosphorus showed weakness, tremulousness, and in some cases, seizures. Serum phosphorus fell, the average lowest value was 0.8 mg/dl (P <0.001). CPK activity rose from 66+/-357 to 695+/-1,288 IU/liter (P <0.001). Muscle phosphorus content fell further to 21.1+/-7.7 mmol/dg fat-free dry solids (P <0.001). Muscle Na and Cl contents became higher (P <0.01). Sections of gracilis muscle showed frank rhabdomyolysis.6 of the 23 phosphorus- and calorie-deprived dogs were also given 140 kal/kg per day but in addition, each received 147 mmol of elemental phosphorus. These dogs consumed their diet avidly and displayed no symptoms. They did not become hypophosphatemic, their CPK remained normal, and derangements of cellular Na, Cl, and H(2)O were rapidly corrected. The gracilis muscle appeared normal histologically in these animals. These data suggest that a subclinical myopathy may set the stage for rhabdomyolysis if acute, severe hypophosphatemia is superimposed. Neither acute hypophosphatemia nor rhabdomyolysis occur if abundant phosphorus is provided during hyperalimentation.
139 citations
TL;DR: In this article, different forms of phosphorus (P) in 0.5 m sodium hydroxide extracts of soils from long-term field experiments at Rothamsted were characterized by 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR).
Abstract: SUMMARY
The different forms of phosphorus (P) in 0.5 m sodium hydroxide extracts of soils from long-term field experiments at Rothamsted were characterized by 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR).
The extract from an old grassland soil (pH 4.6) from a plot of the Park Grass Continuous Hay Experiment that had received no fertilizer or lime for at least 125 years contained the following forms of P: inorganic orthophosphate (22% of the extracted P), orthophosphate monoesters (49%), orthophosphate diesters (14%), phosphonates (3%), pyrophosphate (4%) and two unidentified forms of P (7%). The soil extract from a Park Grass plot given inorganic phosphate fertilizer (35 kg P ha−1) annually for 121 years contained the same forms of P and, in addition, a small amount of polyphosphate. There was also evidence of an increase in the orthophosphate monoester fraction.
Another old grassland soil, of pH 6.1, contained more total and organic P than Park Grass but the extract contained fewer forms of P: inorganic orthophosphate (14% of the extracted P), orthophosphate monoesters (39%), orthophosphate diesters (34%) and an unidentified form (13%). An area of this grassland that had been ploughed up 20 years previously, and kept bare since, contained less organic P. The extract contained less of the phosphate diesters but the more stable monoesters remained relatively unchanged.
139 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, single-family constructed wetland systems in Ohio, USA, were studied to evaluate their effectiveness in improving water quality, finding that domestic treatment wetlands can reduce output of fecal coliform 88±27, total suspended solids 56±53, biochemical oxygen demand 70±48, ammonia 56±31% and phosphorus 80±20%.
139 citations
TL;DR: One isolate, identified as Pseudomonas putida, grew with AEP as its sole carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus source and released nearly all of the organic phosphorus as orthophosphate and 72% of the AEP nitrogen as ammonium, the first demonstration of utilization of a phosphonoalkyl moiety as a sole carbon source.
Abstract: Bacteria able to use at least one of 13 ionic alkylphosphonates of O-alkyl or O,O-dialkyl alkylphosphonates as phosphorus sources were isolated from sewage and soil. Four of these isolates used 2-aminoethylphosphonic acid (AEP) as a sole carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus source. None of the other phosphonates served as a carbon source for the organisms. One isolate, identified as Pseudomonas putida, grew with AEP as its sole carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus source and released nearly all of the organic phosphorus as orthophosphate and 72% of the AEP nitrogen as ammonium. This is the first demonstration of utilization of a phosphonoalkyl moiety as a sole carbon source. Cell-free extracts of P. putida contained an inducible enzyme system that required pyruvate and pyridoxal phosphate to release orthophosphate from AEP; acetaldehyde was tentatively identified as a second product. Phosphite inhibited the enzyme system.
138 citations