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Photonic crystal
About: Photonic crystal is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 43424 publications have been published within this topic receiving 887083 citations.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the relationship between beam geometry and the symmetry of the interference patterns, the lithographic process, and various types of photoresist systems, including thick films of negative-tone and positive-tone photoresists, organic-inorganic hybrids, hydrogels, and holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystals are discussed.
Abstract: The fabrication of true three-dimensional (3D) microstructures both rapidly and economically over a large area with negligible defects is attractive for a wide range of applications. In particular, multi-beam interference lithography is one of the promising techniques that can mass-produce polymeric 3D photonic crystals defect-free over a large area. This review discusses the relationship between beam geometry and the symmetry of the interference patterns, the lithographic process, and various types of photoresist systems, including thick films of negative-tone and positive-tone photoresists, organic-inorganic hybrids, hydrogels, and holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystals. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
185 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a photonic crystal (PC) microcavity laser operating at 1.3 microns was shown to have a linewidth of 0.10 nm, corresponding to a quality factor of Q 2.3x10^4.
Abstract: Sub-threshold measurements of a photonic crystal (PC) microcavity laser operating at 1.3 microns show a linewidth of 0.10 nm, corresponding to a quality factor Q ~ 1.3x10^4. The PC microcavity mode is a donor-type mode in a graded square lattice of air holes, with a theoretical Q ~ 10^5 and mode volume Veff ~ 0.25 cubic half-wavelengths in air. Devices are fabricated in an InAsP/InGaAsP multi-quantum well membrane and are optically pumped at 830 nm. External peak pump power laser thresholds as low as 100 microWatts are also observed.
184 citations
TL;DR: By directly observing the spatial compression of an optical pulse, this work confirms the mechanism underlying this square scaling law and demonstrates slow light with a bandwidth of 2.5 THz and a delay-bandwidth product of 30, which is an order of magnitude larger than any reported so far.
Abstract: Paradoxically, slow light promises to increase the speed of telecommunications in novel photonic structures, such as coupled resonators [1] and photonic crystals [2,3]. Apart from signal delays, the key consequence of slowing light down is the enhancement of light-matter interactions. Linear effects such as refractive index modulation scale linearly with slowdown in photonic crystals [3], and nonlinear effects are expected to scale with its square [4]. By directly observing the spatial compression of an optical pulse, by factor 25, we confirm the mechanism underlying this square scaling law. The key advantage of photonic structures over other slow light concepts is the potentially large bandwidth, which is crucial for telecommunications [5]. Nevertheless, the slow light previously observed in photonic crystals [2,3,6,7] has been very dispersive and featured narrow bandwidth. We demonstrate slow light with a bandwidth of 2.5 THz and a delay-bandwidth product of 30, which is an order of magnitude larger than any reported so far.
184 citations
TL;DR: The LVLD characteristics of waveguides with slightly small innermost holes were experimentally confirmed by using modulation phase shift measurement and transmission of ultrashort optical pulses to apply to buffering and nonlinearity enhancement of optical signals.
Abstract: Photonic crystal slab line defect waveguides with slightly small innermost holes are theoretically expected to show light transmission with low-group-velocity and low-dispersion (LVLD) characteristics owing to a linear and almost flat photonic band In this study, the LVLD characteristics of such waveguides were experimentally confirmed by using modulation phase shift measurement and transmission of ultrashort optical pulses These results will be applicable to buffering and nonlinearity enhancement of optical signals
184 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the anomalous dispersion of planar-photonic crystals (PhCs) near the dielectric band edge was used to control the wavelength-dependent propagation of light.
Abstract: We utilize the anomalous dispersion of planar-photonic crystals (PhCs) near the dielectric band edge to control the wavelength-dependent propagation of light. Light beams with up to 20/spl deg/ divergence were collimated over a 25-nm (1285 nm to 1310 nm) bandwidth using a triangular lattice. The "superprism" phenomenon is demonstrated in the same configuration, simply by tuning the wavelength. Sources of loss are discussed. Both the plane-wave expansion calculation and finite-difference time-domain simulation match well with the experimental results. This is the first experimental demonstration of self-collimating phenomena in a PhC configuration.
183 citations