Topic
Photonic crystal
About: Photonic crystal is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 43424 publications have been published within this topic receiving 887083 citations.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors demonstrate wavelength-scale photonic nanostructures, including photonic crystals, fabricated in silicon-on-insulator using deep ultraviolet (UV) lithography.
Abstract: We demonstrate wavelength-scale photonic nanostructures, including photonic crystals, fabricated in silicon-on-insulator using deep ultraviolet (UV) lithography. We discuss the mass-manufacturing capabilities of deep UV lithography compared to e-beam lithography. This is illustrated with experimental results. Finally, we present some of the issues that arise when trying to use established complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor processes for the fabrication of photonic integrated circuits.
179 citations
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TL;DR: The HC-PCF fabrication, the different results achieved in the fields of laser-induced particle guidance, low-threshold stimulated Raman scattering in hydrogen (vibrational and rotational), laser frequency metrology and quantum optics are reviewed.
Abstract: We review the progress made on the fabrication and applications of hollow-core photonic crystal fibres (HC-PCFs). The mechanism of the light guidance in these fibres is described along with their dispersion properties. We review the HC-PCF fabrication, the different results achieved in the fields of laser-induced particle guidance, low-threshold stimulated Raman scattering in hydrogen (vibrational and rotational), laser frequency metrology and quantum optics. Finally, we show the different new prospects opened up by these fibres.
179 citations
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TL;DR: Composite materials comprised of nematic liquid crystals (LCs) and SiO(2) inverse opal films were fabricated and it was found that the change in optical properties was derived from the orientation of the LC molecules in the voids in the inverseOpal film.
Abstract: Composite materials comprised of nematic liquid crystals (LCs) and SiO2 inverse opal films were fabricated. Their optical properties were quite different from those of inverse opal films without the LCs. The optical properties could be controlled by changing the refractive indices of the LCs, which vary with orientation, phase, and temperature. In particular, the optical properties were drastically changed by thermal or photoinduced isothermal phase transitions of the LCs. This means that the photonic band structure could be controlled, and tunable photonic crystals have been achieved, based on the inverse opal structure. The mechanism of this change was investigated by the evaluation of the effective refractive indices. As a result, it was found that the change in optical properties was derived from the orientation of the LC molecules in the voids in the inverse opal film. Furthermore, once the mechanism was understood, it was also possible to control the position of the reflection peak by changing the a...
179 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe the fabrication of three-dimensional photonic crystals using a reproducible and reliable procedure consisting of electron beam lithography followed by a sequence of dry etching steps.
Abstract: We describe the fabrication of three-dimensional photonic crystals using a reproducible and reliable procedure consisting of electron beam lithography followed by a sequence of dry etching steps. Careful fabrication has enabled us to define photonic crystals with 280 nm holes defined with 350 nm center to center spacings in GaAsP and GaAs epilayers. We construct these photonic crystals by transferring a submicron pattern of holes from 70-nm-thick polymethylmethacrylate resist layers into 300-nm-thick silicon dioxide ion etch masks, and then anisotropically angle etching the III-V semiconductor material using this mask. Here, we show the procedure used to generate photonic crystals with up to four lattice periods depth.
179 citations
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TL;DR: It is concluded that 7-unit-cell cores are currently most suitable for transmission of femtosecond and sub-picosecond pulses, whereas larger cores are better for delivering nanosecond pulsed and continuous-wave beams.
Abstract: Hollow-core photonic crystal fibers have unusual properties which make them ideally suited to delivery of laser beams. We describe the properties of fibers with different core designs, and the observed effects of anti-crossings with interface modes. We conclude that 7-unit-cell cores are currently most suitable for transmission of femtosecond and sub-picosecond pulses, whereas larger cores (e.g. 19-cell cores) are better for delivering nanosecond pulsed and continuous-wave beams.
179 citations