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Showing papers on "Photonic-crystal fiber published in 2009"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A fiber-optical switch that is activated at tiny energies corresponding to a few hundred optical photons per pulse is demonstrated by simultaneously confining both photons and a small laser-cooled ensemble of atoms inside the microscopic hollow core of a single-mode photonic-crystal fiber.
Abstract: We demonstrate a fiber-optical switch that is activated at tiny energies corresponding to a few hundred optical photons per pulse. This is achieved by simultaneously confining both photons and a small laser-cooled ensemble of atoms inside the microscopic hollow core of a single-mode photonic-crystal fiber and using quantum optical techniques for generating slow light propagation and large nonlinear interaction between light beams.

442 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Near-field, frequency-resolved characterization with high spatial resolution of the amplitude and phase of the modal structure proves that the fiber is single-moded over a wide frequency range, and the authors see the onset of higher-order modes at high frequencies as well as indication of microporous guiding at low frequencies and high porosity of the fiber.
Abstract: We report on a new class of polymer photonic crystal fibers for low-loss guidance of THz radiation. The use of the cyclic olefin copolymer Topas, in combination with advanced fabrication technology, results in bendable THz fibers with unprecedented low loss and low material dispersion in the THz regime.We demonstrate experimentally how the dispersion may be engineered by fabricating both high- and low-dispersion fibers with zero-dispersion frequency in the regime 0.5-0.6 THz. Near-field, frequencyresolved characterization with high spatial resolution of the amplitude and phase of the modal structure proves that the fiber is single-moded over a wide frequency range, and we see the onset of higher-order modes at high frequencies as well as indication of microporous guiding at low frequencies and high porosity of the fiber. Transmission spectroscopy demonstrates low-loss propagation (< 0.1 dB/cm loss at 0.6 THz) over a wide frequency range.

417 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A refractive index sensing geometry exploiting modes beyond cutoff in a selectively infiltrated PCF demonstrates a detection limit of 4.6×10−7 RIU and sensitivity of 30,100nm/RIU, a one-order-of-magnitude improvement over previous PCF sensors.
Abstract: We introduce a microfluidic refractive index sensor based on a directional coupler architecture using solid-core photonic crystal fibers. The sensor achieves very high sensitivity by coupling the core mode to a mode in the adjacent fluid-filled waveguide that is beyond modal cutoff, and with strong field overlap. We demonstrate the device through the selective infiltration of a single hole with fluid along a microstructured optical fiber. A detection limit of 4.6x10(-7) refractive index units has been derived from measurements with a sensitivity of 30,100 nm per refractive index unit, which is the highest for a fiber device to date.

395 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Recently developed micro-and nano-structured optical fiber sensors, with particular reference to surface plasmon resonance (SPR) fiber sensors and photonic crystal fiber (PCF) sensors are reviewed in this article.

354 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of fiber laser technology as relevant for applications in ultrafast optics is given, focusing on systems built around passively mode-locked fiber lasers and fiber frequency combs, which are further amplified in large-core fiber amplifiers.
Abstract: In this paper, a review of fiber laser technology as relevant for applications in ultrafast optics is given. We discuss core enabling fiber technologies, such as fiber amplifiers, all-fiber dispersion control, and highly nonlinear and large-core fibers. We concentrate on systems built around passively mode-locked fiber lasers and fiber frequency combs, which are further amplified in large-core fiber amplifiers. Our review further encompasses coherent supercontinuum generation and techniques for absolute phase control of fiber lasers and amplifiers. Applications concerned with spectral generation in the range from the vacuum UV to the terahertz range are also described.

340 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors review rare-earth-doped chalcogenide fiber for mid-and long-wave IR lasers, and highly nonlinear chalgogenide fibers and photonic crystal fiber for wavelength conversion in the mid and longwave IR.
Abstract: The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) is developing chalcogenide glass fibers for applications in the mid-and long-wave IR wavelength regions from 2 to 12 mum. The chalcogen glasses (i.e., glasses based on the elements S, Se, and Te) are transparent in the IR, possess low phonon energies, are chemically durable, and can be drawn into fiber. Both conventional solid core/clad and microstructured fibers have been developed. Chalcogenide glass compositions have been developed that allow rare earth doping to enable rare-earth-doped fiber lasers in the IR. Also, highly nonlinear compositions have been developed with nonlinearities ~1000times silica that enables nonlinear wavelength conversion from the near IR to the mid-and long-wave IR. In this paper, we review rare-earth-doped chalcogenide fiber for mid-and long-wave IR lasers, and highly nonlinear chalcogenide fiber and photonic crystal fiber for wavelength conversion in the mid-and long-wave IR.

269 citations


Patent
05 May 2009
TL;DR: In this paper, a singlemode optical fiber with bending losses of 0.15 dB/turn or less for a radius of curvature of 5 millimeters is presented, at a wavelength of 1550 nanometers.
Abstract: The present invention embraces a single-mode optical fiber that, at a wavelength of 1550 nanometers, has bending losses of 0.15 dB/turn or less for a radius of curvature of 5 millimeters.

257 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A simple and compact modal interferometer for applications in refractometry that is highly stable over time, has low temperature sensitivity, and is suitable for measuring indices in the 1.330-1.440 range is reported.
Abstract: We report a simple and compact modal interferometer for applications in refractometry. The device consists of a stub of large-mode-area photonic crystal fiber (PCF) spliced between standard single-mode fibers. In the splice regions the voids of the PCF are fully collapsed, thus allowing the coupling and recombination of PCF core and cladding modes. The device is highly stable over time, has low temperature sensitivity, and is suitable for measuring indices in the 1.330-1.440 range. The measure of the refractive index is carried out by monitoring the shift of the interference pattern.

245 citations


PatentDOI
TL;DR: In this article, all solid photonic bandgap optical fiber comprising a core region and a cladding region is disclosed, which includes a background optical material having a first refractive index and elements arranged in a two-dimensional periodic structure.
Abstract: All solid photonic bandgap optical fiber comprising a core region and a cladding region is disclosed. The cladding region surrounding the core region includes a background optical material having a first refractive index and elements arranged in a two-dimensional periodic structure. In one embodiment, each of the elements comprises a center part and peripheral part having a higher refractive than the central part. In other embodiments, each element comprises a plurality of rods having a higher refractive index higher than the fist, the rods of each element arranged in a circle or polygon. Light transmission apparatus and methods of using the fiber are also disclosed.

239 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The nonlinear optics of Si photonic wires are discussed in this paper, where the authors review the fundamental optical physics and emerging applications for these Si wires and discuss their potential for functional on-chip nano-nonlinear optical devices of just a few millimeters in length.
Abstract: The nonlinear optics of Si photonic wires is discussed. The distinctive features of these waveguides are that they have extremely large third-order susceptibility χ(3) and dispersive properties. The strong dispersion and large third-order nonlinearity in Si photonic wires cause the linear and nonlinear optical physics in these guides to be intimately linked. By carefully choosing the waveguide dimensions, both linear and nonlinear optical properties of Si wires can be engineered. We review the fundamental optical physics and emerging applications for these Si wires. In many cases, the relatively low threshold powers for nonlinear optical effects in these wires make them potential candidates for functional on-chip nonlinear optical devices of just a few millimeters in length; conversely, the absence of nonlinear optical impairment is important for the use of Si wires in on-chip interconnects. In addition, the characteristic length scales of linear and nonlinear optical effects in Si wires are markedly different from those in commonly used optical guiding systems, such as optical fibers or photonic crystal fibers, and therefore guiding structures based on Si wires represent ideal optical media for investigating new and intriguing physical phenomena.

238 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the data on the present degree of purity of chalcogenide glasses for fiber optics, on their methods of production and on the properties, which are essential for their actual application, are generalized.
Abstract: The data on the present degree of purity of chalcogenide glasses for fiber optics, on their methods of production and on the properties, which are essential for their actual application, are generalized. The content of limiting impurities in the best samples of chalcogenide glasses is 10–100 ppb wt.; of heterophase inclusions with size of about 100 nm is less than 103 cm−3. On the basis of chalcogenide glasses the multimode and single mode optical fibers are produced with technical and operation characteristics sufficient for a number of actual applications. The minimum optical losses of 12–14 dB/km at 3–5 µm are attained in the optical fiber from arsenic-sulfide glass. The level of losses in standard chalcogenide optical fibers is 50–300 dB/km in 2–9 µm spectral range. The factors, affecting the optical absorption of glasses and optical fibers, are analyzed, and the main directions in further development of chalcogenide glasses as the materials for fiber optics are considered.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The fabrication, materials, properties and applications of microstructured polymer optical fibers are reviewed and an outline of the contribution to the wider field of microStructured fibers is presented.
Abstract: The fabrication, materials, properties and applications of microstructured polymer optical fibers are reviewed. Microstructured polymer optical fibers formed the basis of extensive work on the physics of microstructured fibers, and an outline of the contribution to the wider field of microstructured fibers is also presented.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the mechanisms and models of light guidance in solid-core photonic bandgap fibers (SC-PBGF), and how the guidance properties are sensitive to the refractive index of the infiltrated fluid.
Abstract: We review the field of fluid-filled solid-core photonic bandgap fibers (SC-PBGF): we present the mechanisms and models of light guidance in these fibers, and how the guidance properties are sensitive to the refractive index of the infiltrated fluid. We discuss how this sensitivity can be used for creating tunable devices such as filters, delay lines and tunable non-linear pulse propagation experiments. We review refractive index sensors based on SC-PBGFs, including band edge sensing, SC-PBGF based long period grating sensing and new results on selectively filled SC-PBGFs which are the most sensitive microstructured fiber based sensors to date. We also discuss practical aspects of fluid filling.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: High signal-to-noise, high contrast multimodal imaging of live cells and tissues was achieved with pixel dwell times of 2-8 micros and low laser powers (< 30 mW total).
Abstract: We demonstrate high performance coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy of live cells and tissues with user-variable spectral resolution and broad Raman tunability (2500 - 4100 cm-1), using a femtosecond Ti:Sapphire pump and photonic crystal fiber output for the broadband synchronized Stokes pulse. Spectral chirp of the fs laser pulses was a user-variable parameter for optimization in a spectral focussing implementation of multimodal CARS microscopy. High signal-to-noise, high contrast multimodal imaging of live cells and tissues was achieved with pixel dwell times of 2-8 μs and low laser powers (< 30 mW total).

Patent
21 Aug 2009
TL;DR: In this article, a bending loss of the Holey fiber is shown to be less than 5 dB/m at a wavelength within the operation wavelength band when the fiber is wound at a diameter of 20 millimeters.
Abstract: An optical transmission system includes an optical transmitting unit that outputs at least one optical signal having a wavelength included in an operation wavelength band and a holey fiber that is connected to the optical transmitting unit. The holey fiber includes a core and a cladding formed around the core. The cladding includes a plurality of holes formed around the core in a triangular lattice shape. The holey fiber transmits the optical signal in a single mode. A bending loss of the holey fiber is equal to or less than 5 dB/m at a wavelength within the operation wavelength band when the holey fiber is wound at a diameter of 20 millimeters.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This is the first demonstration of mode-locked 2 mum fiber laser using shorter than 1-m-long active fiber, which paves the way for the demonstration ofmode-locked fiber laser at 2 mum with gigahertz fundamental repetition rate.
Abstract: We report self-starting passively mode-locked fiber lasers with a saturable absorber mirror using a piece of 30-cm-long newly developed highly thulium (Tm)-doped silicate glass fibers. The mode-locked pulses operate at 1980 nm with duration of 1.5 ps and energy of 0.76 nJ. This newly developed Tm-doped silicate fiber exhibits a slope efficiency of 68.3%, an amplified spontaneous emission spectrum bandwidth (FWHM) of 92 nm, and a gain per unit length of greater than 2 dB/cm. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first demonstration of mode-locked 2 μm fiber laser using shorter than 1-m-long active fiber, which paves the way for the demonstration of mode-locked fiber laser at 2 μm with gigahertz fundamental repetition rate.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A spectrally asymmetric resonator with usual Fiber Bragg gratings is designed to minimize the laser power lost into the unwanted direction, even when the effective reflectivity of the rear fiber Bragg grating becomes as low as 81.5%.
Abstract: We report a more than 150 W spectrally-clean continuous wave Raman fiber laser at 1120 nm with an optical efficiency of 85%. A ~30 m standard single mode silica fiber is used as Raman gain fiber to avoid second Stokes emission. A spectrally asymmetric resonator (in the sense of mirror reflection bandwidth) with usual fiber Bragg gratings is designed to minimize the laser power lost into the unwanted direction, even when the effective reflectivity of the rear fiber Bragg grating becomes as low as 81.5%.

Journal ArticleDOI
Bobo Gu1, Ming-Jie Yin1, A. Ping Zhang1, Jinwen Qian1, Sailing He1 
TL;DR: A new fiber-optic pH sensor based on a thin-core fiber modal interferometer with electrostatic self-assembled nanocoating with fast and linear response in either acid or alkali solution with resolution of 0.013 pH unit.
Abstract: A new fiber-optic pH sensor based on a thin-core fiber modal interferometer with electrostatic self-assembled nanocoating is presented. After inserting a segment of thin-core fiber into a standard single-mode fiber, high-order cladding modes are excited and interfere with the core mode to form an in-fiber modal interferometer. The side surface of the sensor is then deposited with poly(allylamine hydrochloride) and poly(acrylic acid) nanocoating by electrostatic self-assembly technique. A fast and linear response is obtained in either acid or alkali solution (in the pH range 2.5 to 10) with resolution of 0.013 pH unit.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: To the best of the knowledge, this work has for the first time fabricated a hexagonal core fiber by soft glass with such a small core size, and has demonstrated a large influence of the holey region on the dispersion, nonlinear coefficient and supercontinuum generation for such fiber.
Abstract: Tellurite glass microstructure fibers with a 1 µm hexagonal core were fabricated successfully by accurately controlling the temperature field in the fiber-drawing process The diameter ratio of holey region to core (DRHC) for the fiber can be adjusted freely in the range of 1–20 by pumping a positive pressure into the holes when drawing fiber, which provides much freedom in engineering the chromatic dispersion With the increase of DRHC from 35 to 20, the zero dispersion wavelengths were shifted several hundred nanometers, the cutoff wavelength due to confinement loss was increased from 1600 nm to 3800 nm, and the nonlinear coefficient γ was increased from 39 to 57 W-1/m Efficient visible emissions due to third harmonic generation were found for fibers with a DRHC of 10 and 20 under the 1557 nm pump of a femtosecond fiber laser One octave flattened supercontinuum spectrum was generated from fibers with a DRHC of 35, 10 and 20 by the 1064 nm pump of a picosecond fiber laser To the best of our knowledge, we have for the first time fabricated a hexagonal core fiber by soft glass with such a small core size, and have demonstrated a large influence of the holey region on the dispersion, nonlinear coefficient and supercontinuum generation for such fiber

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An in-reflection photonic crystal fiber (PCF) interferometer which exhibits high sensitivity to different volatile organic compounds (VOCs), without the need of any permeable material is reported.
Abstract: We report an in-reflection photonic crystal fiber (PCF) interferometer which exhibits high sensitivity to different volatile organic compounds (VOCs), without the need of any permeable material. The interferometer is compact, robust, and consists of a stub of PCF spliced to standard optical fiber. In the splice the voids of the PCF are fully collapsed, thus allowing the excitation and recombination of two core modes. The device reflection spectrum exhibits sinusoidal interference pattern which shifts differently when the voids of the PCF are infiltrated with VOC molecules. The volume of voids responsible for the shift is less than 600 picoliters whereas the detectable levels are in the nanomole range.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The temporal output of the supercontinuum is characterized by strong and brief power fluctuations, i.e. so-called optical rogue waves, and it is demonstrated numerically that these rare and strong events that appear and disappear from nowhere result from solitonic collisions.
Abstract: We study experimentally and numerically the temporal features of supercontinuum generated with a continuous-wave ytterbium-doped fiber laser. We show that the temporal output of the supercontinuum is characterized by strong and brief power fluctuations, i.e. so-called optical rogue waves. We demonstrate numerically that these rare and strong events that appear and disappear from nowhere result from solitonic collisions.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A compact power-referenced fiber-optic accelerometer using a weakly tilted fiber Bragg grating combined with an abrupt biconical taper is demonstrated and power change in reflection is shown to be proportional to acceleration.
Abstract: We demonstrate a compact power-referenced fiber-optic accelerometer using a weakly tilted fiber Bragg grating (TFBG) combined with an abrupt biconical taper. The electric-arc-heating induced taper is located a short distance upstream from the TFBG and functions as a bridge to recouple the TFBG-excited lower-order cladding modes back into the fiber core. This recoupling is extremely sensitive to microbending. We avoid complex wavelength interrogation by simply monitoring power change in reflection, which we show to be proportional to acceleration. In addition, the Bragg resonance is virtually unaffected by fiber bending and can be used as a power reference to cancel out any light source fluctuations. The proposed sensing configuration provides a constant linear response (nonlinearity < 1%) over a vibration frequency range from DC to 250 Hz. The upper vibration frequency limit of measurement is determined by mechanical resonance, and can be tuned by varying the sensor length. The tip-reflection sensing feature enables the sensor head to be made small enough (20~100 mm in length and 2 mm in diameter) for embedded detection. The polymer-tube-package makes the sensor sufficiently stiff for in-field acceleration measurement.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: X-ray diffraction and spontaneous Raman scattering measurements showed the core to be very highly crystalline germanium with no observed secondary phases, which should make these fibers of significant value for fiber-based mid- to long-wave infrared and terahertz waveguides and Raman-shifted infrared light sources once high-purity, high-resistivity germanum is employed.
Abstract: Long lengths (250 meters) of a flexible 150 μm diameter glass-clad optical fiber containing a 15 μm diameter crystalline and phase-pure germanium core was fabricated using conventional optical fiber draw techniques. X-ray diffraction and spontaneous Raman scattering measurements showed the core to be very highly crystalline germanium with no observed secondary phases. Elemental analysis confirmed a very well-defined core-clad interface with a step-profile in composition and nominally 4 weight-percent oxygen having diffused into the germanium core from the glass cladding. For this proof-of-concept fiber, polycrystalline n-type germanium of unknown dopant concentration was used. The measured infrared transparency of the starting material was poor and, as a likely outcome, the attenuation of the resultant fiber was too high to be measured. However, the larger Raman cross-section, infrared and terahertz transparency of germanium over silicon should make these fibers of significant value for fiber-based mid- to long-wave infrared and terahertz waveguides and Raman-shifted infrared light sources once high-purity, high-resistivity germanium is employed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This work demonstrates an all-fiber turnkey source of extremely stable 2-cycle pulses at a center wavelength of 1.17 microm based on parameter-free simulations of nonlinear pulse propagation including higher-order dispersion as well as instantaneous Kerr and retarded Raman contributions.
Abstract: We demonstrate an all-fiber turnkey source of extremely stable 2-cycle pulses at a center wavelength of 1.17 μm. Taylor-cut highly nonlinear germano-silica bulk fibers (HNFs) provide smooth supercontinua with a bandwidth of 560 nm and a spectral shape precisely controlled by the dispersion of the fiber and the phase of the 1.55 μm pump pulses. Alternatively these fibers are capable of generating pulses with central wavelengths continuously tunable from 0.9 μm up to 1.4 μm. These results are based on parameter-free simulations of nonlinear pulse propagation including higher-order dispersion as well as instantaneous Kerr and retarded Raman contributions.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A simple linear cavity erbium-doped fiber laser based on a Fabry-Perot filter which consists of a pair of fiber Bragg gratings is proposed for tunable and switchable single-longitudinal-mode dual-wavelength operation.
Abstract: A simple linear cavity erbium-doped fiber laser based on a Fabry-Perot filter which consists of a pair of fiber Bragg gratings is proposed for tunable and switchable single-longitudinal-mode dual-wavelength operation. The single-longitudinal-mode is obtained by the saturable absorption of an unpumed erbium-doped fiber together with a narrow-band fiber Bragg grating. Under the high pump power (>166 mW) condition, the stable dual-wavelength oscillation with uniform amplitude can be realized by carefully adjusting the polarization controller in the cavity. Wavelength selection and switching are achieved by tuning the narrow-band fiber Bragg grating in the system. The spacing of the dual-wavelength can be selected at 0.20 nm (approximately 25.62 GHz), 0.22 nm (approximately 28.19 GHz) and 0.54 nm (approximately 69.19 GHz).

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: To the authors' knowledge, this is the first time that a mode-locked fiber oscillator has generated femtosecond pulses with pulse energies approaching the microjoule level in combination with high average output power.
Abstract: We report on the generation of high-energy ultrashort pulses from a mode-locked Yb-doped large-mode-area fiber laser operating in the all-normal dispersion regime. The self-starting fiber laser emits 9 W of average output power at a pulse repetition rate of 9.7 MHz, corresponding to a pulse energy of 927 nJ. The laser produces positively chirped 8 ps output pulses, which are then compressed down to 711 fs. These compressed pulses exhibit megawatt-level peak powers. To our knowledge, this is the first time that a mode-locked fiber oscillator has generated femtosecond pulses with pulse energies approaching the microjoule level in combination with high average output power. Numerical simulations show excellent agreement with experimental results and reveal further scaling potential, which is discussed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A multiphoton endoscopy system has been developed using a two-axis microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) mirror and double-cladding photonic crystal fiber and the DCPCF has high collection efficiency, and its dispersion can be compensated by grating pairs.
Abstract: A multiphoton endoscopy system has been developed using a two-axis microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) mirror and double-cladding photonic crystal fiber (DCPCF) The MEMS mirror has a 2-mm-diam, 20-deg optical scanning angle, and 126-kHz and 780-Hz resonance frequencies on the x and y axes The maximum number of resolvable focal spots of the MEMS scanner is 720 x 720 on the x and y axes, which indicates that the MEMS scanner can potentially support high-resolution multiphoton imaging The DCPCF is compared with standard single-mode fiber and hollow-core photonic bandgap fiber on the basis of dispersion, attenuation, and coupling efficiency properties The DCPCF has high collection efficiency, and its dispersion can be compensated by grating pairs Three configurations of probe design are investigated, and their imaging quality and field of view are compared A two-lens configuration with a collimation and a focusing lens provides the optimum imaging performance and packaging flexibility The endoscope is applied to image fluorescent microspheres and bovine knee joint cartilage

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is shown that, despite being compact and robust, the proposed sensor head needs a quite long burn in (thermal annealing) to achieve an adequate and stable functionality level.
Abstract: We report on the development of a stable Photonic Crystal Fiber (PCF) based two-mode interferometric sensor for ultra-high temperature measurements (up to 1000 degrees C). The device consists of a stub of PCF spliced to standard optical fiber. In the splice regions, the voids of the PCF are fully collapsed, thus allowing the excitation and recombination of two core modes. The device spectrum exhibits sinusoidal interference pattern which shifts with temperature. We show that, despite being compact and robust, the proposed sensor head needs a quite long burn in (thermal annealing) to achieve an adequate and stable functionality level. The burn in process eliminates the residual stress in the fiber structure, which had been accumulated during the drawing phase, and changes the glass fictive temperature.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors demonstrate that the fiber to fiber total insertion loss into a single-mode waveguide in a suspended photonic crystal membrane can be reduced to less than 10 dB (input, output, and propagation) without introducing any supplementary processing step (e.g., polymer deposition and etching).
Abstract: We demonstrate experimentally that the fiber to fiber total insertion loss into a single-mode waveguide in a suspended photonic crystal membrane can be reduced to less than 10 dB (input, output, and propagation) without introducing any supplementary processing step (e.g., polymer deposition and etching). This is achieved through a suitable design of the waveguide end-facets minimizing the impedance mismatch and thereby the residual reflectance at the waveguide ends.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: By optimizing glass composition and using a multistage dehydration process, a ternary 80TeO(2)-10ZnO-10Na(2)O glass is obtained that shows excellent transparency in the wavelength range from 0.38 microm up to 6.10 microm and on the fabrication of a single-mode solid-core tellurite glass fiber with large mode area and low loss.
Abstract: By optimizing glass composition and using a multistage dehydration process, a ternary 80TeO2-10ZnO-10Na2O glass is obtained that shows excellent transparency in the wavelength range from 0.38 µm up to 6.10 µm. Based on this optimized composition, we report on the fabrication of a single-mode solid-core tellurite glass fiber with large mode area of 103 µm2 and low loss of 0.24~0.7 dB/m at 1550 nm. By using the continuous-wave self-phase modulation method, the non-resonant nonlinear refractive index n2 and the effective nonlinear parameter γ of this made tellurite glass fiber were estimated to be 3.8×10-19 m2/W and 10.6 W-1·km-1 at 1550 nm, respectively.