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Photosynthesis
About: Photosynthesis is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 19789 publications have been published within this topic receiving 895197 citations.
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TL;DR: The photosynthesis-fermentation model with double CO(2) fixation in both photosynthesis and fermentation stages, enhances carbon conversion ratio of sugar to oil and thus provides an efficient approach for the production of algal lipid.
186 citations
TL;DR: Kinetic analyses of chlorophyll afluorescence changes and P700 reduction showed that the temperature dependence of electron transport at the plastoquinone and water-oxidation sites was modulated by the temperature at which the leaves had developed, indicating that the major factor that contributes to thermal acclimation of photosynthesis in winter wheat is the plastic response of PS II electron transport to environmental temperature.
Abstract: Winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. cv Norin No. 61) was grown at 25°C until the third leaves reached about 10 cm in length and then at 15°C, 25°C, or 35°C until full development of the third leaves (about 1 week at 25°C, but 2–3 weeks at 15°C or 35°C). In the leaves developed at 15°C, 25°C, and 35°C, the optimum temperature for CO 2 -saturated photosynthesis was 15°C to 20°C, 25°C to 30°C, and 35°C, respectively. The photosystem II (PS II) electron transport, determined either polarographically with isolated thylakoids or by measuring the modulated chlorophyll a fluorescence in leaves, also showed the maximum rate near the temperature at which the leaves had developed. Maximum rates of CO 2 -saturated photosynthesis and PS II electron transport determined at respective optimum temperatures were the highest in the leaves developed at 25°C and lowest in the leaves developed at 35°C. So were the levels of chlorophyll, photosystem I and PS II, whereas the level of Rubisco decreased with increasing temperature at which the leaves had developed. Kinetic analyses of chlorophyll a fluorescence changes and P700 reduction showed that the temperature dependence of electron transport at the plastoquinone and water-oxidation sites was modulated by the temperature at which the leaves had developed. These results indicate that the major factor that contributes to thermal acclimation of photosynthesis in winter wheat is the plastic response of PS II electron transport to environmental temperature.
186 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that both species achieve nitrogen partitioning leading to nearly maximum carbon gain under any light condition.
Abstract: 1. Chenopodium album (a sun species) and Alocasia macrorrhiza (a shade species) plants were grown under various photon flux densities (PFDs) to investigate whether nitrogen partitioning among photosynthetic components was optimized under any light conditions. The amounts of several photosynthetic components of the leaves were determined to examine nitrogen partitioning. 2. For the same PFD, nitrogen partitioning among photosynthetic components was similar in both species, except for leaves of C. album grown at 5% PFD, which showed a markedly smaller fraction of nitrogen in photosystem I. 3. Optimal nitrogen partitioning among photosynthetic components was estimated for various PFDs using a simulation model of leaf photosynthesis. At any PFD, the actual nitrogen partitioning was very similar to the estimated optimal partitioning. However, partitioning in C. album grown at 5% PFD deviated from the optimum. 4. For both species grown under any light conditions, estimated daily photosynthesis of actual leaves was very close to that of leaves with optimal partitioning. It is concluded that both species achieve nitrogen partitioning leading to nearly maximum carbon gain under any light condition.
186 citations
Book•
01 Jul 2000
TL;DR: The chloroplast structure and development, metabolism and regulation of plastid genes, and application in biotechnology are studied.
Abstract: Part I. Cell and Molecular Biology of Chloroplasts: 1. Chloroplast structure and development J. K. Hoober 2. Light harvesting complexes of higher plants D. T. Morishige and B. W. Dreyfuss 3. Photosystems I and II W.-Z. He and R. Malkin 4. Chloroplast pigments: chlorophylls and carotenoids G. Sandmann and H. Scheer 5. Import, assembly and degradation of proteins P. Chitnis 6. Expression and regulation of plastid genes S. Kapoor and M. Sugiura 7. Electron transport and energy transduction W. Junge Part II. Physiology and Biochemistry: 8. Photosynthetic carbon reduction T. D. Sharkey 9. C4 pathway R. T. Furbank 10. Crassulacean acid metabolism U. Luttge 11. C3-C4 intermediate photosynthesis S. Rawsthorne and H. Bauwe 12. Starch-sucrose metabolism and assimilate partitioning S. C. Hoober 13. Photorespiration and the C2 cycle D. J. Oliver 14. Assimilation of non-carbohydrate compounds G. Schultz 15. Interaction with respiration and nitrogen metabolism K. Padmasree and A. S. Raghavendra Part III. Agronomy and Environmental Factors: 16. Leaf/canopy photosynthesis and crop productivity R. Ishii 17. Water and salt stress G. A. Berkowitz 18. Photosynthesis at low growth temperature V. Hurry, N. Huner, E. Selstam, P. Gardestrom and G. Oquist 19. Acclimation to sun and shade R. W. Pearcy 20. Photoinhibition C. Critchley 21. Photosynthesis, respiration and global climatic change B. G. Drake, J. Jacob and M. A. Gonzales-Meler Part IV. Special Topics and Applications: 22. Evolution W. Nitschke, U. Muhlenhoff and U. Liebl 23. Modelling leaf/canopy photosynthesis W. R. Beyschlag and R. J. Ryel 24. Chlorophyll fluorescence as a diagnostic tool U. Schreiber, W. Bilger, H. Hormann and C. Neubauer 25. Action of modern herbicides P. Boger and G. Sandmann 26. Application in biotechnology D. Heineke Index.
186 citations
TL;DR: Stable leaf diffusion resistances indicated that the impairment of photosynthesis did not involve the simple limitation of CO(2) diffusion into the leaf, and the ability of ascorbate-reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol to restore much of the electron transport capacity of the UV-B-irradiated plant material suggested that inhibition by this radiation was more closely associated with Photosystem II than with photosystem I.
Abstract: Pisum sativum L. was exposed to ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation (280-315 nm) in greenhouse and controlled environment chambers to examine the effect of this radiation on photosynthetic processes. Net photosynthetic rates of intact leaves were reduced by UV-B irradiation. Stable leaf diffusion resistances indicated that the impairment of photosynthesis did not involve the simple limitation of CO2 diffusion into the leaf. Dark respiration rates were increased by previous exposure to this radiation. Electron transport capacity as indicated by methylviologen reduction was also sensitive to UV-B irradiation. The ability of ascorbate-reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol to restore much of the electron transport capacity of the UV-B-irradiated plant material suggested that inhibition by this radiation was more closely associated with photosystem II than with photosystem I. Electron micrographs indicated structural damage to chloroplasts as well as other organelles. Plant tissue irradiated for only 15 minutes exhibited dilation of thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast in some cells. Some reduction in Hill reaction activity was also evidenced in these plant materials which had been irradiated for periods as short as 15 minutes.
186 citations