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Showing papers on "Photovoltaic system published in 1969"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A theoretical evaluation of the maximum attainable solar conversion efficiencies of p-n and n-p heterodiodes is presented in this paper, where the Anderson diffusion model is used and carrier concentrations of the two semiconductors are so chosen that photo-carriers generated do not have to surmount any junction barrier.
Abstract: A theoretical evaluation of the maximum attainable solar conversion efficiencies of p-n and n-p heterodiodes is presented. The calculations are made for some of the theoretically efficient and feasible heterojunctions of IV and III-V group semiconductors. In these calculations, the Anderson diffusion model is used and carrier concentrations of the two semiconductors are so chosen that photo-carriers generated do not have to surmount any junction barrier. The calculated efficiencies are compared with the reported experimental values and with the conventional Si photovoltaic cell.

21 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Peter E. Glaser1
TL;DR: In this paper, a satellite solar power station is proposed to generate power to meet future requirements, considering the finiteness of the Earth's fossil fuel reserves and the world energy needs.

20 citations


Patent
01 Oct 1969
TL;DR: In this article, a method for deployment of a solar cell array, conduction of generated power from the array to the satellite, and utilization of the array and deployment means as an aid for the gravitygradient stabilization of the satellite.
Abstract: A method for deployment of a solar cell array, conduction of generated power from the array to the satellite, and utilization of the array and deployment means as an aid for the gravitygradient stabilization of the satellite. The method envisions telescoping sections of a solar cell array being extended in orbit by an erectable mast and boom assembly. Power is carried from the array through electrically conductive booms and twin conducting masts, thereby eliminating the need for electrical wiring and associated wiring guides and connectors. The extended solar array also assists in stabilizing the satellite by providing necessary gravity-gradient restoring moments. Multiple function of equipment increases the wattage to weight ratio of the array.

18 citations




Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a computer program concept is described for performing an electrical analysis and a transient thermal analysis of a satellite electric power subsystem consisting of a solar array, battery, and power controls.
Abstract: A computer program concept is described for performing an electrical analysis and a transient thermal analysis of a satellite electric power subsystem consisting of a solar array, battery, and power controls. The program "flies" the power subsystem and certain thermally sensitive portions of the spacecraft through one or more complete orbits, and plots curves of voltages, currents, temperatures, and energy balance in critical parts of the power and thermal subsystems.

7 citations


01 Jun 1969
TL;DR: Asteroid exploration by solar photovoltaic powered ion propelled probe, discussing spacecraft design, mission and 1975 Mariner utilization is discussed in this article, where the authors discuss spacecraft design and mission utilization.
Abstract: Asteroid exploration by solar photovoltaic powered ion propelled probe, discussing spacecraft design, mission and 1975 Mariner utilization

6 citations


Proceedings Article
01 Jan 1969
TL;DR: Lightweight large area solar cell arrays for space programs with multikilowatt predicted performance, noting rollup array orbital flight testing as discussed by the authors, were used for space flight testing.
Abstract: Lightweight large area solar cell arrays for space programs with multikilowatt predicted performance, noting rollup array orbital flight testing

6 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an electrical power system using a state-of-the-art photovoltaic energy conversionsource was presented on the assumption that nuclear power system technology would not be flight ready by this time period.
Abstract: Current program planning in the area of lunar surface explorationenvisions missions of increasing energy requirements and duration.During the mid 1970's it has been estimated that the electrical powerrequirements for a 3-man mission of one year duration might be in theorder of 33 000 kWh. Load profiles to support regeneration of fuelcell reactants for lunar roving vehicles and base nighttime operationsindicate potential power levels of from 30 to 100 kW. An electricalpower system using a state-of-the-art photovoltaic energy conversionsource was postulated on the assumption that nuclear power systemtechnology would not be flight ready by this time period.The process of synthesizing an overall electrical power system isdiscussed. Included are analyses and system design rationale. A rangefrom 50 to 500 volts dc is considered and the effect on weight andefficiency determined. Additional system criteria such as thermalcontrol, reliability, and emergency operation are discussed. A shred-out oftotal system weight as a function of voltage and regulation is presentedfor a 36 kWload. The impact ofload level, conditioning efficiency,transmission length, and temperature on system weight is discussed. Sensitivityivity curves depicting the effect of variations in these parameters areprovided.It is concluded that an efficiency of 80 percent or greater can beattained by matching the load profile with distribution voltage.

5 citations


Book
01 Jan 1969

4 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Arvin Smith1
TL;DR: The status of photovoltaic power technology is reviewed primarily from the viewpoint of current and future applications of the technology to the exploration and utilization of space as mentioned in this paper, which has shown steady improvement in reliability, increased efficiency, reduced cost, increased power per unit of hardware weight and ability to withstand extremes of the space environment.
Abstract: The status of photovoltaic power technology is reviewed primarily from the viewpoint of current and future applications of the technology to the exploration and utilization of space. The photovoltaic solar cell has been the electric power workhorse throughout the first decade of the space age. The technology has shown steady improvement in reliability, increased efficiency, reduced cost, increased power per unit of hardware weight and ability to withstand extremes of the space environment. New developments are underway to increase solar cell and array size, to reduce stowage volume during boosting into orbit and to improve resistance to space radiation and thermal cycling. Silicon cell electrical contacts and interconnections, low energy proton damage to small exposed cell areas and instability of CdS thin film solar cells are examples of problems receiving attention at this time. The ongoing development of large, 2500–3000 ft2 , solar cell arrays to power the planned Apollo Applications Telescope/Workshop Cluster demonstrates the growing confidence in the ability of photovoltaic power to handle space missions of the future. As photovoltaic technology advances and economic conditions change, the solar cell may well find large scale terrestrial markets.

01 Jan 1969
TL;DR: The solar array/secondary battery system has emerged as the space power "workhorse" and various approaches being taken by both government and industry to resolve these problems are discussed.
Abstract: The solar array/secondary battery system has emerged as the space power "workhorse". Previously considered only for applications of up to 1 KWe , arrays of up to 3 KWe have been flown. Even larger arrays (10 KWe ) are being developed for Apollo Telescope Mount (ATM) and the "wet" Orbital Workshop. An Earth Orbiting Space Laboratory (EOSL) , in the planning state for a 19731975 flight readiness date, is considering the use of a 38 KWe solar array system. A 50 KWe array is under development for an electric propulsion mission and a 45 KWe array is in the conceptual design phase for a lunar surface application. Finally, a study has been initiated to assess the practicability and cost effectiveness of utilizing a 1 MWe array for earth orbital applications. An intense technology development program has been underway for several years. The emphasis has been on solving problems that relate directly toward utilization of large solar arrays. These have included light weight structures, improved power distribution and cost reduction techniques. This paper discusses the various approaches being taken by both government and industry to resolve these problems.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the impact of the type of power system selected upon the space station is outlined, as well as the role of the mission requirements upon the selection of power systems, and criteria for resolving the selection/application/ integration problems are provided.
Abstract: Essential design factors and system characteristics are explored for integration of large power systems into manned space stations. The impact of the type of power system selected upon the space station is outlined, as is the impact of the mission requirements upon the selection of power systems. Criteria for resolving the selection/application/ integration problems are provided. Comparisons between systems are based on recently defined space-station models for 90-day to five-year mission durations in the 1970' s, with four-to nine-man crews. Power systems encompass power levels from 3 to 50 kWe and include solar cell/battery. fuel cell, hybrid fuel cell/solar cell, radioisotope, and nuclear reactor systems. Thermoelectric, Brayton cycle, organic Rankine, and liquid-metal Rankine power conversion systems are considered for the nuclear energy sources. Both rigid and roll-out photovoltaic array configurations are analyzed with respect to the solar energy source.



21 Oct 1969
TL;DR: Space erectable rollup solar array of arcuate solar panels furled on tapered drum for spacecraft storage during launch as discussed by the authors, which can be used to store spacecraft during launch.
Abstract: Space erectable rollup solar array of arcuate solar panels furled on tapered drum for spacecraft storage during launch


Proceedings Article
01 Jan 1969
TL;DR: In this article, fuel cell /battery and solar array/ battery systems for manned Apollo Applications Program /AAP/ space vehicles, considering mission and power requirements, were presented.
Abstract: Fuel cell /battery and solar array/ battery systems for manned Apollo Applications Program /AAP/ space vehicles, considering mission and power requirements

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, photovoltaic cells electrical characteristics, discussing Cd sulfide, single crystal Si and dendritic type Si cells for spacecraft power, were discussed, as well as their performance.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
01 Oct 1969
TL;DR: In this article, high power TV broadcast satellite subsystems technologies requirements, considering transmitters, power conditioners, solar arrays and component reliability, were considered, and the requirements of the high power broadcast satellite broadcast system were investigated.
Abstract: High power TV broadcast satellite subsystems technologies requirements, considering transmitters, power conditioners, solar arrays and component reliability

01 Dec 1969
TL;DR: In this article, the photovoltaic properties of cadmium sulfide and silicon solar cells at low temperatures and simulated solar intensities were investigated for low-temperature and high-intensity solar cells.
Abstract: Photovoltaic properties of cadmium sulfide and silicon solar cells at low temperatures and simulated solar intensities