Showing papers on "Photovoltaic thermal hybrid solar collector published in 1981"
Book•
01 Oct 1981
TL;DR: In this paper, the solar source of light energy is described and quantified, along with a review of semiconductor properties and the generation, recombination, and the basic equations of photovoltaic device physics.
Abstract: Solar cell theory, materials, fabrication, design, modules, and systems are discussed. The solar source of light energy is described and quantified, along with a review of semiconductor properties and the generation, recombination, and the basic equations of photovoltaic device physics. Particular attention is given to p-n junction diodes, including efficiency limits, losses, and measurements. Si solar cell technology is described for the production of solar-quality crystals and wafers, and design, improvements, and device structures are examined. Consideration is given to alternate semiconductor materials and applications in concentrating systems, storage, and the design and construction of standalone systems and systems for residential and centralized power generation. Bibtex entry for this abstract Preferred format for this abstract
1,773 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the maximum conversion efficiency for the utilization of direct solar energy is investigated, and a fixed quantity of radiation is considered, and the essergy or potential work of the system is determined.
234 citations
188 citations
Patent•
[...]
03 Aug 1981
TL;DR: In this article, a flat plate solar collector having a heat absorber woven basket fashion across a riser grid system containing suitable flow medium for being heated by the solar radiation is coupled to a heat exchange column for extracting heat from the flow medium to provide it to heating, hot water, and the like.
Abstract: A solar heating system including a flat plate solar collector having a heat absorber woven basket fashion across a riser grid system containing suitable flow medium for being heated by the solar radiation. A heat exchange column is coupled to the riser grid system for extracting the heat from the flow medium to provide it to heating, hot water, and the like. The heat exchange column includes a number of continuous coils placed within a tank and having a circulating loop pass a liquid from the bottom of the tank to the top of the tank where it will flow over all of the coils transferring heat from one coil to the other. The flow is controlled by means of the load demand and the available supply of heat. Excess heat is stored in a heat storage system having a plurality of blocks of Glauber salt containing matrix material through which pass pipes containing the heated liquid. One of the riser grid systems can be utilized as part of an absorption cycle air conditioning system by passing the heated fluid medium into a regenerator placed adjacent to the collector to effectively form a distillation process. In place of the liquid solar collector, an air heating solar collector is also provided.
97 citations
TL;DR: Fluorescent planar collector-concentrators as mentioned in this paper are a new idea for the conversion of solar energy into electrical and thermal energy, which is possible by using a stack of transparent sheets of material doped with fluorescent dyes.
70 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the collector efficiency factor, which measures the effectiveness of a collector absorber plate in transferring heat to the transport fluid, and the loss factor for air-type collectors, are derived.
60 citations
Patent•
09 Jun 1981
TL;DR: In this article, a high concentration solar energy collector is provided which collects diffused solar radiation as well as direct solar radiation, and a reflector focuses direct radiation onto a first collector and reflects a substantial portion of the diffused radiation onto the second collector positioned near the focus of the reflector.
Abstract: A high concentration solar energy collector is provided which collects diffused solar radiation as well as direct solar radiation. A reflector focuses direct radiation onto a first collector and reflects a substantial portion of the diffused radiation onto a second collector positioned near the focus of the reflector.
40 citations
01 Jan 1981
TL;DR: In this paper, the development of heat-of-fusion storage systems for low temperature solar heating applications, such as space heating and domestic hot water production, is addressed, and results from investigations on the two major aspects of heat of-fluid storage technology (heat storage materials and heat exchangers) are presented.
Abstract: The present paper addresses itself to the development of heat-of-fusion storage systems for low temperature solar heating applications, such as space heating and domestic hot water production. Results from investigations on the two major aspects of heat-of-fusion storage technology — heat storage materials and heat exchangers — are presented.
39 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the efficiency of a single couple solar powered thermoelectric generator using fine-grained Si-Ge alloy thermoelements and a selective solar absorbing coating is investigated as a function of operating temperature and solar concentration factor.
35 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a fluorocarbon (trichlorofluoromethane) loaded solar collector system was installed and evaluated, and the maximum peak energy picked up by the collector surface was 2.8 MJ/m2 · hr (250 Btu/hr-ft2).
Patent•
26 Jan 1981TL;DR: A solar energy reflector as discussed by the authors is a space-oriented apparatus for reflecting the rays of the sun to a panel carrying solar cells, where the solar cells generate direct current power for conversion into microwave energy for transmission to the earth or other spacecraft.
Abstract: A solar energy reflector useful in space-oriented apparatus for reflecting the rays of the sun to a panel carrying solar cells. The solar cells generate direct current power for conversion into microwave energy for transmission to the earth or other spacecraft. The reflector comprises a rotating mirror and a fixed mirror arranged to reflect the solar energy rays to the solar cell panel continuously.
01 Apr 1981
TL;DR: In this article, a hybrid prototype photovoltaic-thermal collector using concentrated sunlight was studied theoretically, realized and tested, and the experimental peak electrical and thermal efficiencies were then presented as functions of temperature and concentration ratio and are compared with the efficiencies of specific collectors.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the results of a comprehensive computer simulation study of the performance of active solar heating systems with long-term hot water storage, which is used to supply backup heat to passive solar and energy-conserving buildings, as well as to meet standard heating and hot water loads.
TL;DR: In this article, the receiver efficiency is analyzed and the theoretical results are compared to experimental findings, where the equilibrium temperatures at the receiver can be estimated, although the precise information regarding receiver efficiency at high temperatures is not readily available in the literature.
TL;DR: In this paper, an experimental and theoretical study aimed at developing a novel high-temperature solar electric converter is reported, which is based on the use of an alkali plasma to serve as both an efficient hightemperature collector of solar radiation as well as the working fluid for a high temperature working cycle.
Abstract: The results of an experimental and theoretical study aimed at developing a novel high‐temperature solar electric converter are reported. The converter concept is based on the use of an alkali plasma to serve as both an efficient high‐temperature collector of solar radiation as well as the working fluid for a high‐temperature working cycle. The envisioned working cycle is a simple magnetohydrodynamic Rankine cycle. The motivation for developing this type of solar electric converter is based primarily on the cost and weight reduction premiums for operating a space solar electric generator at the maximum possible temperature. We report on the construction of a theoretical model for coupling sunlight into a cesium plasma and on the experimental demonstration of cesium heating with a solar simulator that is in good agreement with the theory.
Patent•
05 Mar 1981
TL;DR: A solar energy and electric lighting system wherein when the solar energy is available as in the day-time, it is utilized for lighting through conventional electric lamps, but when no solar energy or the solar power available is not sufficient the electric lamps are turned on as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: A solar energy and electric lighting system wherein when the solar energy is available as in the day-time, it is utilized for lighting through conventional electric lamps, but when no solar energy is available or the solar energy available is not sufficient the electric lamps are turned on. Also disclosed are solar and electric light lamps which are capable of not only emitting solar energy but also light electrically produced, and which may be fabricated by minor modifications of conventional electric lamps.
Patent•
12 Mar 1981
TL;DR: In this article, a photovoltaic-electrolytic unit is provided to produce an electric current from solar energy and utilize the current to produce hydrogen by the electrolysis of water.
Abstract: A photovoltaic-electrolytic unit is provided to produce an electric current from solar energy and utilize the current to produce hydrogen by the electrolysis of water. The unit floats in an aqueous medium so that photoelectric cells are exposed to solar radiation, and electrodes submerged in the medium produce oxygen which is vented and hydrogen which is collected in the unit.
Patent•
28 Jan 1981
TL;DR: In this article, a transparent assembly disposed in front of a photovoltaic cell is used to absorb the wavelengths greater than 1.1 micron, thus, heating of the cell is limited and the fluid leaving the radiator is heated by the beam striking the cell.
Abstract: A solar cell cooling process. The device implementing this process comprises a transparent assembly disposed in front of a photovoltaic cell. The transparent assembly, through which flows the cooling fluid leaving a radiator integral with the cell, absorbs the wavelengths greater than 1.1. micron. Thus, heating of the cell is limited and the fluid leaving the radiator is heated by the beam striking the cell.
Patent•
02 Feb 1981
TL;DR: A solar energy concentrating device for concentrating the intensity of solar radiation impinging on a solar collector includes a plurality of adjacently positioned tapered solar energy passageways having solar energy reflecting walls as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: A solar energy concentrating device for concentrating the intensity of solar radiation impinging on a solar collector includes a plurality of adjacently positioned tapered solar energy passageways having solar energy reflecting walls These tapered solar energy passageways are disposed in an arcuate array to form a solar energy concentrating device The convex side of the concentrating device is the outer surface of the concentrating device through which solar energy enters the tapered solar energy passageways, and the concave side of the concentrating device is the inner surface of the concentrating device from which concentrated solar energy emerges from the concentrating device A solar collector is located to the concave side of the concentrating device so that the concentrated solar energy leaving the concentrating device will impinge on the solar collector
TL;DR: In this article, an integrated structure for the a-Si solar cell module was developed, and the best conversion efficiency of this module with a size of 10×10 cm2 was 3.4% in sunlight.
Abstract: The conversion efficiencies of amorphous silicon (a-Si) solar cells were found to decrease with an increase of the cell size. The cause of this effect was investigated, and a part of the cause was indicated by a distributed constant model. In order to enlarge the size of a solar cell with high efficiency, we have developed an integrated structure for the a-Si solar cell module. The best conversion efficiency of this module with a size of 10×10 cm2 was 3.4% in sunlight.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of glazing, solar flux, emissivity and absorptivity of the absorber surface on collector performance have been predicted for different plate temperatures (60°C and 100°C).
Patent•
26 May 1981TL;DR: In this paper, a sealed thermosiphoning solar energy system is described, which uses oil as a non-freezing transport fluid, and expansion means are provided to prevent excessive pressure buildup in the system.
Abstract: A sealed thermosiphoning solar energy system is disclosed which uses oil as a nonfreezing transport fluid. The oil is heated in an absorber exposed to the sun's radiation, passes through a check valve and into thermal exchange with a second fluid. Expansion means are provided to prevent excessive pressure buildup in the system.
Patent•
24 Feb 1981
TL;DR: In this article, a control and protection system for a solar water heater apparatus, which incorporates a temperature differential controlled variable speed drive for the circulating pump, and a drain down valve which is responsive to low collector temperature, high tank temperature and also to power loss, is presented.
Abstract: This disclosure relates to a control and protection system for a solar water heater apparatus, which incorporates a temperature differential controlled variable speed drive for the circulating pump, and a drain down valve which is responsive to low collector temperature, high tank temperature and also to power loss, to serve in combination as a device to optimize efficient energy collection while also protecting the tank against overheating and further protecting the collector panel against freeze-up even during periods of power loss.
TL;DR: By varying feed concentration and temperature of the PV*ED system, it is shown in this paper that one could control the ratio of power to water production within a large range so that various demands for power and water could be met.
TL;DR: In this paper, a simple transient model for predicting the thermal performance of two novel water heaters which combine both collection and storage of solar energy in a single configuration is presented, which is applicable for demand patterns, characteristic of various domestic and industrial applications.
Book•
01 Mar 1981TL;DR: In this paper, the basic theory and design of heat distribution systems are described, and integration of the collector and storage into an active solar system is discussed, and some applications are presented.
Abstract: Economic aspects of solar heating are covered, including simple payback methods and life-cycle costing. Basic thermodynamic principles are reviewed. Insolation is introduced. Kinds of heat losses and methods of calculating heating loads are discussed. Flat-plate collector design is covered, including thermal analysis, performance, and sizing. Heat storage is briefly discussed. The basic theory and design of heat distribution systems are described. Integration of the collector and storage into an active solar system is discussed, and some applications are presented. Solar swimming pool heating is covered. The SOLRAD program that is used in the study of collector orientation is listed. (LEW)