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Topic

Phrase

About: Phrase is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 12580 publications have been published within this topic receiving 317823 citations. The topic is also known as: syntagma & phrases.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This article tested the hypothesis that the literal meaning of an ironic utterance is activated during comprehension and (a) slows the processing of the key ironic portion of the utterance (literal activation hypothesis) and (b) slows down the process of the literal portion of utterance that follows (the spillover hypothesis).
Abstract: We tested the hypotheses that the literal meaning of an ironic utterance is activated during comprehension and (a) slows the processing of the key ironic portion of the utterance (literal activation hypothesis) and (b) slows the processing of the literal portion of the utterance that follows (the spillover hypothesis). Forty-eight stories, each ending in an ironic comment, were constructed. Half of the ironic comments were ironic criticism (positive literal meaning, negative ironic meaning); half were ironic praise (negative literal meaning, positive ironic meaning). Final utterances were divided into 3 phrases: Phrase 1 gave no indication of irony, Phrase 2 contained the key word that made the utterance ironic, and Phrase 3 gave no indication of irony. Each story was then altered by 1 phrase so that the final comment became literal. One version of each of the stories was presented to each of 48 college undergraduates. Stories were presented 1 sentence at a time, but the final utterances were presented in...

115 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the structural and word order properties of the adjectival projection of Dutch adjectives have been investigated and a strong empirical and theoretical basis for extending the functional head hypothesis to the adjective system has been established.
Abstract: This paper is concerned with the phrase structural and word order properties of the (extended) adjectival projection, a phrase structural domain which has received relatively little attention in the generative literature. Focusing on the internal syntax of Dutch adjective phrases, I will come to the following conclusions. First, there is a strong empirical (and theoretical) basis for extending the functional head hypothesis to the adjectival system (i.e. for adopting the DegP-hypothesis). Secondly, a distinction should be made between two types of functional degree categories: Deg(P) and Q(P). This split is represented structurally, with Deg selecting QP and Q selecting AP (the split degree system hypothesis). Thirdly, there is empirical support for the existence of a third functional projection, AgrP, within the adjectival domain. Fourthly, as regards directionality of headedness within the Dutch functional system, it is concluded that Deg and Q take their complements to the right, whereas Agr takes its complement to the left. It is proposed that this asymmetry of headedness within the functional structure of the adjectival projection relates to the nominal orientation of Deg and Q and the verbal orientation of Agr. Finally, three movement operations will be identified within the Dutch adjectival system: A-to-Q raising, A-to-Agr raising and leftward scrambling. The latter two are at the basis of the word order variation which is found within the Dutch adjectival system.

115 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors found that the quality of early reading progress is related to the organization of the sequential decoding activity, and implies a processing advantage for linguistic over visual cues, whereas the behavior of the poor readers was dominated by part-word and word cues.

114 citations

Proceedings Article
01 Jun 2007
TL;DR: This work describes new lookup algorithms for hierarchical phrase-based translation that reduce the empirical computation time by nearly two orders of magnitude, making on-the-fly lookup feasible for source phrases with gaps.
Abstract: A major engineering challenge in statistical machine translation systems is the efficient representation of extremely large translation rulesets. In phrase-based models, this problem can be addressed by storing the training data in memory and using a suffix array as an efficient index to quickly lookup and extract rules on the fly. Hierarchical phrasebased translation introduces the added wrinkle of source phrases with gaps. Lookup algorithms used for contiguous phrases no longer apply and the best approximate pattern matching algorithms are much too slow, taking several minutes per sentence. We describe new lookup algorithms for hierarchical phrase-based translation that reduce the empirical computation time by nearly two orders of magnitude, making on-the-fly lookup feasible for source phrases with gaps.

114 citations

Book ChapterDOI
02 Apr 2007
TL;DR: This paper presents how atomic sentiments of individual phrases combine together in the presence of conjuncts to decide the overall sentiment of a sentence.
Abstract: In this paper we present an approach to extract sentiments associated with a phrase or sentence. Sentiment analysis has been attempted mostly for documents typically a review or a news item. Conjunctions have a substantial impact on the overall sentiment of a sentence, so here we present how atomic sentiments of individual phrases combine together in the presence of conjuncts to decide the overall sentiment of a sentence. We used word dependencies and dependency trees to analyze the sentence constructs and were able to get results close to 80%. We have also analyzed the effect of WordNet on the accuracy of the results over General Inquirer.

114 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023467
20221,079
2021360
2020470
2019525
2018535