Topic
Phrase
About: Phrase is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 12580 publications have been published within this topic receiving 317823 citations. The topic is also known as: syntagma & phrases.
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TL;DR: In this paper, a cognitive theory on the production and shaping of self-repairs during speaking is presented, which is based on the repair strategy called reformulation, and a different set of rules is at work.
85 citations
Patent•
20 Mar 1996
TL;DR: In this paper, an electronic word puzzle game with a processor, a display, an I/O interface and a game program is presented, where the player can select at least one of the letters, spaces and punctuation marks from a selection of entry keys associated with the interface, and the game computer generates and displays a plurality of solution phrase constituent display areas.
Abstract: An electronic word puzzle game, the game playable on a game computer having a processor for executing at least one program from associated memory, a display and an I/O interface, comprising: at least one puzzle phrase in the associated memory; a game program in the associated memory executable by the processor for randomly or determininistically choosing a solution phrase from the associated memory, the solution phrase comprising at least one of letters, spaces and punctuation marks; the I/O interface adapted for enabling the player to select at least one of letters, spaces and punctuation marks from a selection of entry keys associated with the I/O interface; the game computer generating and displaying a plurality of solution phrase constituent display areas, wherein each of said solution phrase constituent display areas corresponds to each letter, blank space, and punctuation mark of the solution phrase, on the display screen; the game program executable by the processor for comparing the at least one selected letter to the letters in the solution phrase and displaying on the display screen the selected letter in each grid box corresponding to a letter of the solution phrase for each player selected letter found in the solution phrase; and the game computer displaying in the corresponding grid box at least one of blank spaces and punctuation marks of the solution phrase adjacent to a selected letter found in the solution phrase. In an alternative embodiment, the electronic word puzzle game capable of being played at a user terminal over a data network in accordance with the invention.
85 citations
01 Jan 2004
TL;DR: Error analysis suggests various approaches for improving classification accuracy: use of negation phrase, making inference from superficial words, and solving the problem of comments on parts.
Abstract: This paper reports a study in automatic sentiment classification, i.e., automatically classifying documents as expressing positive or negative sentiments/opinions. The study investigates the effectiveness of using SVM (Support Vector Machine) on various text features to classify product reviews into recommended (positive sentiment) and not recommended (negative sentiment). Compared with traditional topical classification, it was hypothesized that syntactic and semantic processing of text would be more important for sentiment classification. In the first part of this study, several different approaches, unigrams (individual words), selected words (such as verb, adjective, and adverb), and words labeled with part-of-speech tags were investigated. A sample of 1,800 various product reviews was retrieved from Review Centre (www.reviewcentre.com) for the study. 1,200 reviews were used for training, and 600 for testing. Using SVM, the baseline unigram approach obtained an accuracy rate of around 76%. The use of selected words obtained a marginally better result of 77.33%. Error analysis suggests various approaches for improving classification accuracy: use of negation phrase, making inference from superficial words, and solving the problem of comments on parts. The second part of the study that is in progress investigates the use of negation phrase through simple linguistic processing to improve classification accuracy. This approach increased the accuracy rate up to 79.33%.
85 citations
TL;DR: This paper argued that the restriction on NPs in focus position in existential sentences is a result of the presentational function of such sentences, rather than a constraint to be stated in semantic or syntactic terms.
85 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of morphophonological gender marking in the subject noun phrase on the production of gender agreement was investigated in Spanish, Italian, and French, where participants were required to complete, with a predicative adjective, a sentence preamble.
Abstract: We report four cross-linguistic experiments (in Spanish, Italian and French) testing the influence of morphophonological gender marking in the subject noun phrase on the production of gender agreement. Agreement errors are elicited using a methodology in which participants are required to complete, with a predicative adjective, a sentence preamble. Results confirm a role for morphophonological gender marking in agreement. More precisely, we show that this role varies with two factors of different nature. The first factor is structural and has to do with the position of the marker in the noun phrase (article vs. noun). The second factor is distributional and has to do with the validity of the marker in the language. A model of agreement production is proposed in which two functionally distinct processes are identified: Feature selection, the locus of the morphophonological influences, and Feature copy, operating under strict syntactic guidance.
85 citations