Phrase

About: Phrase is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 12580 publications have been published within this topic receiving 317823 citations. The topic is also known as: syntagma & phrases.

An Efficient Phrase-to-Phrase Alignment Model for Arbitrarily Long Phrase and Large Corpora

Abstract: Most statistical machine translation (SMT) systems use phrase-to-phrase transla- tions to capture local context information, leading to better lexical choices and more reli- able word reordering. Long phrases capture more contexts than short phrases and result in better translation qualities. On the other hand, the increasing amount of bilingual data poses serious problems for storing all possible phrases. In this paper, we describe a novel phrase- to-phrase alignment model which allows for arbitrarily long phrases and works for very large bilingual corpora. This model is very efficient in both time and space and the resulting translations are better than the state-of-the-art systems.

The prosodic basis of the tiberian hebrew system of accents

Abstract: 1 argue that the Tiberian system of accents which annotate the text of the Hebrew Bible has a prosodic basis. Accentual representations are constructed in terms of units somewhat similar to the modern prosodic hierarchy, and they deviate from syntactic constituency in ways that are characteristic of prosodic representations. They are con- strained by the effects of syntactic edges, geometric properties of prosodic phrases, principles for organizing phrases into higher-level constituents, and position in the phrase, associated with variations in tempo. It is shown that the Tiberian representation can best be understood by integrating results of phonological, phonetic, and psycholinguistic re- search on prosodic structure.* INTRODUCTION 1. The Hebrew Bible text is annotated with a system of diacritic marks called ACCENTS. These accents, assigned to every word in the Bible, parse each verse in minute detail. The nature and purpose of this complex system of represen- tation, developed in and around Tiberias over several generations up until the tenth century, has been much debated. Some scholars have suggested that it is intended to be a kind of syntactic representation, or else a system devised to indicate logical and semantic relations among words and phrases. I will argue that it is best viewed as providing a prosodic representation, designed to in- dicate the correct phrasing of the text. I will show that many characteristic properties of the Tiberian system of accents follow directly from basic prin- ciples of prosodic theory and are typical of the prosodic structure of other languages. Viewing the Tiberian accentuation from the perspective of prosodic theory also sheds light on elements of the system which have long appeared to be problematic. Conversely, the Tiberian system merits study, as it displays an extraordinary complexity and subtlety which may contribute to our under- standing of prosodic representation in general. The plan of this article is as follows. Section 2 is a brief introduction to the system of accents, its background, and its purpose. In ?3 the accentual rep- resentation is considered in the light of recent proposals in prosodic theory,

Improving oral reading fluency through response opportunities: A comparison of phrase drill error correction with repeated readings

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare two oral reading fluency treatments (repeated readings and phrase drill error correction) which differ in the way they prompt student responding. Repeated readings (RR) and phrase drill (PD) error correction were alternated with a baseline and a reward condition within an alternating treatments design with an 8-year old boy referred for reading difficulties. Results indicate that RR and PD improved the participant’s reading fluency equally well relative to both baseline and reward conditions. Results are discussed in terms of the types and relevance of response opportunities afforded by each intervention.

Priming in sentence comprehension: Strategic or syntactic?

Abstract: Two eye-tracking experiments and two self-paced reading experiments investigated processing of sentences containing reduced relative clauses. Processing of a reduced relative is facilitated when it is preceded by a sentence that has the same syntactic structure, as long as the preceding sentence contains the same critical verb as the target (LeDoux, Traxler, & Swaab, 2007; Pickering & Traxler, 2004; Traxler & Pickering, 2005). This study tests whether facilitative effects result from readers using the prime sentence as a strategic cue to predict an upcoming reduced relative target. This hypothesis was tested in three ways. In the first experiment, properties of the filler items were manipulated to reduce or eliminate the strategic value of repeated verbs as a structural cue. In the second experiment, noun overlap, rather than verb overlap, created a valid strategic cue to the upcoming sentence structure. In the third experiment, readers were warned that a reduced relative sentence would be forthcoming. Si...