Topic
Phrase
About: Phrase is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 12580 publications have been published within this topic receiving 317823 citations. The topic is also known as: syntagma & phrases.
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TL;DR: Six experiments investigate syntactic priming online via a picture description task in which participants produce target sentences whose initial phrase is syntactically similar or dissimilar to that of the prime sentence produced on the previous trial, consistent with the view that the syntactic persistence effect applies only to the generation of the first phrase of an utterance prior to speech onset.
147 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an algorithm of phrase structure building is proposed within the bare phrase structure framework, rooted in the idea that applications of Merge should not change the set of basic relations (in particular, c-command) in the existing structure.
Abstract: An algorithm of phrase structure building is proposed within the bare phrase structure framework The algorithm is rooted in the idea that applications of Merge–the operation that combines syntactic objects–should not change the set of basic relations (in particular, c-command) in the existing structure, what Chomsky (2000) terms “Least Tampering” Under the proposed algorithm, this idea translates into a requirement that Merger must take place at the root of the tree/phrase marker when possible As a result, the algorithm forces (base-generated or moved) structural adjuncts to be Merged postcyclically Three empirical consequences of the proposed algorithm are discussed: (1) constructions involving raising across the experiencer (eg, John seems to Mary to be smart) are shown not to be problematic for the Minimal Link Condition (cf Chomsky 1995b); (2) a novel account of Adjunct Island effects (Huang 1982) is proposed; and (3) a principled analysis of approximative inversion in Russian is offered
147 citations
Patent•
IBM1
TL;DR: In this article, a structured index is combined with a location pointer of information to be cataloged, preferably multimedia information, to form a matched pair, i.e., a structure index and a segment (or a pointed to a multimedia object).
Abstract: To archive information, a phrase or sentence describing the information, typically expressed in a natural language and conforming to the rules of a grammar (like a natural language grammar) is used to create a structured index which also conforms to the natural language grammar. The structured index has structure because the words in the index have a function and a relationship among each other as determined by the grammar. The index is combined with a location pointer of information to be cataloged, preferably multimedia information, to form a matched pair, i.e., a structured index and a segment (or a pointed to a multimedia object). The matched pair is stored in a database for later retrieval. Retrieval is based on parsing a query into a query structure that is identical or similar to the structured index. A heuristic interface presents the multimedia information along with a template in order to prompt the user into describing the multimedia information with a string of words so that they conform to the grammar.
147 citations
TL;DR: Investigation of a corpus of spoken Dutch consisting of interviews with 160 high-school teachers shows that speech tempo depends mainly on phrase length, due to anticipatory shortening, and on the speaker's country, with different speaking styles in The Netherlands and in Flanders.
Abstract: Speech tempo (articulation rate) varies both between and within speakers. The present study investigates several factors affecting tempo in a corpus of spoken Dutch, consisting of interviews with 160 high-school teachers. Speech tempo was observed for each phrase separately, and analyzed by means of multilevel modeling of the speaker's sex, age, country, and dialect region (between speakers) and length, sequential position of phrase, and autocorrelated tempo (within speakers). Results show that speech tempo in this corpus depends mainly on phrase length, due to anticipatory shortening, and on the speaker's country, with different speaking styles in The Netherlands (faster, less varied) and in Flanders (slower, more varied). Additional analyses showed that phrase length itself is shorter in The Netherlands than in Flanders, and decreases with speaker's age. Older speakers tend to vary their phrase length more (within speakers), perhaps due to their accumulated verbal proficiency.
146 citations
TL;DR: The authors describes the meanings of an idiom's elements that plays important role in idiom interpretation and use, depending on the particular type of idiom involved, and discusses the evidence relating to the two major classes of idiiom comprehension models: non-compositional and compositional.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter describes the meanings of an idiom's elements that plays important role in idiom interpretation and use, depending on the particular type of idiom involved. Before considering the issue of idiom types, the evidence relating to the two major classes of idiom comprehension models: non-compositional, which assumes that idioms are a unique form of language, and compositional, which assumes that idioms may range from the non-compositional word-like phrase to fully compositional metaphor-like constructions are explained in the chapter. Idiom use and comprehension is an integral part of everyday conversation, and it is also an integral part of discourse processing, where the meanings of words and the compositional meanings of phrases and sentences are routinely generated and used to infer what a speaker intends to convey.
146 citations