Showing papers on "Physical disability published in 1986"
TL;DR: The authors conclude that physical disabilities among the elderly do not appear to be a major threat to the validity of the CES-D scale and that the strong associations between physical and mental health should be rigorously investigated.
Abstract: The associations between depressive symptoms and functional disability and chronic conditions are examined in an elderly cohort of 2,806 noninstitutionalized men and women living in New Haven, Connecticut who were interviewed in 1982 as a part of the Yale Health and Aging Project. The aim is to explore several potential sources of invalidity in using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale (CES-D) to measure depressive symptoms in elderly populations. In particular, the authors are concerned with the possibility that prevalent physical illnesses and disabilities may cause the older person to report many somatic complaints, a major component of most measures of depressive symptomatology, and thereby inflate his or her CES-D score. Mean CES-D scores are 4.86 for those without any disabilities and range to 13.51 for those with major functional disabilities. However, physical disability is significantly associated with virtually every item on the CES-D scale not just those somatically-oriented items. The addition of functional disability to a multivariate model including age subfactor analysis of responses from this elderly sample produces results almost identical to those reported by earlier investigators who studied younger and middle-aged adults. The authors conclude that physical disabilities among the elderly do not appear to be a major threat to the validity of the CES-D scale and that the strong associations between physical and mental health should be rigorously investigated.
805 citations
TL;DR: Carers of patients who have suffered stroke showed anxiety and emotional distress unrelated to the patient's physical disability after two years, and none of the measured factors were related to a carer's level of depression.
Abstract: Information from a two year, longitudinal study on a community sample of patients with acute stroke was analysed to determine the effects of the stroke on the mood of the chief carer (the person living with the patient). Increased anxiety was the most commonly reported change six months after stroke. Significant depression was seen in 11-13% of carers over the first two years after stroke. The patient9s functional disability was associated with depression in the carer over the first year but not at two years. A perceived poor recovery by the patient, a low level of general activities by the patient, and depression in the patient were also associated with depression in the carer within the first year. At two years after stroke none of the measured factors were related to a carer9s level of depression. Carers of patients who have suffered stroke showed anxiety and emotional distress unrelated to the patient9s physical disability after two years. More help from stroke support groups for carers is perhaps needed.
165 citations
TL;DR: This paper applies the more abstract and inclusive concept of “embodiment” from the phenomenological movement in philosophy to the life history of a 35-year-old American woman born with quadrilateral limb deficiencies and the resulting description of her functioning and self-image over time calls into question the cultural assumptions of rehabilitation medicine.
Abstract: The relationship of mind and body is an issue of importance for Western medicine and psychiatry. An area to which this problem particularly applies is that of physical disability. In evaluating treatment of persons with physical disabilities, the concept of "adjustment" in social psychology may not deal sufficiently with ambiguities arising in varied cultural settings. The related concept of "stigma" in sociology is also limited, covering the cosmetic aspect of the mind-body relationship only. This paper applies the more abstract and inclusive concept of "embodiment" from the phenomenological movement in philosophy to the life history of a 35-year-old American woman born with quadrilateral limb deficiencies. The resulting description of her functioning and self-image over time calls into question the cultural assumptions of rehabilitation medicine and highlights the more general cultural demands upon persons with severe physical disabilities in the United States since the 1950s.
83 citations
TL;DR: Patients' functional status improved significantly after 6 months of receiving bi-weekly telephone calls and this was attributed to the TIs being viewed as a source of social support to elderly persons who may have support deficits.
83 citations
TL;DR: Analysis of the test-retest and interrater reliabilities suggest that a stable clinical judgment can be formed from data gathered in a historical interview.
Abstract: This study investigated the reliability of a historical interview with 20 respondents with physical disabilities. An existing interview, the Occupational Role History, was modified and a companion rating scale was developed. Analysis of the test-retest and interrater reliabilities suggest that a stable clinical judgment can be formed from data gathered in a historical interview.
11 citations
TL;DR: The dimensions of occupational therapy intervention with this population is featured, including assessment, intervention strategies, and documentation guidelines useful in the treatment planning.
Abstract: This paper provides an overview of psychiatric consultation-liaison services in a general hospital setting. The patient most frequently referred for consultation-liaison services is the individual experiencing depression secondary to physical illness. The dimensions of occupational therapy intervention with this population is featured, including assessment, intervention strategies, and documentation guidelines useful in the treatment planning.
8 citations
TL;DR: The urban environment appears to be associated with the excess of neurosis in the elderly at home but not to the organic changes associated with memory loss, and there was a close association between physical disability and high scores on the psychological indices.
Abstract: Interviews were performed on 1288 people aged 70 and over in an urban and a rural general practice. Information was obtained on standardized measures of anxiety, depression and memory loss. The people in the urban practice had higher (i.e. suggesting abnormal) scores for both anxiety and depression. Memory scores were higher in the rural area. These differences were basically constant for age, sex and social class groups. The urban environment appears to be associated with the excess of neurosis in the elderly at home but not to the organic changes associated with memory loss. There was a close association between physical disability and high scores on the psychological indices. Special attention must be paid to the elderly with physical disabilities for coexisting psychological problems.
8 citations
TL;DR: The findings of previous studies of practice patterns in physical disabilities and related findings from a national SUNey of physical disability therapists are reviewed and implications of the studies to date are discussed.
Abstract: This paper reviews the findings of previous studies of practice patterns in physical disabilities and presents related findings from a national SUNey of physical disability therapists. Implications of the studies to date are described and discussed with specific reference to the growing debate over legitimate techniques and boundaries in physical disabilities practice.
2 citations
TL;DR: These constructs of impairment, physical disability, and social disability are presented as extensions to the theoretical conceptualization of human performance dysfunction and their validity in a sample of persons with musculoskeletal disorders is tested.
Abstract: Impairment, physical disability, and social disability are constructs used to classify human performance dysfunction. This study presents these constructs as extensions to the theoretical conceptualization of human performance dysfunction and tests their validity in a sample of persons with musculoskeletal disorders. Data representing impairment and physical and social disability were obtained from a random telephone survey of 2,350 working-aged adults who reported a musculoskeletal disorder. Empirical factors derived from principal component analysis of the data were compared with conceptual definitions to establish construct validity. Results were tested on subsamples of males and females. Factors of mobility and posture, manual function, activities of daily living, and work in these data were accurate, minimal representations of the constructs of impairment, physical disability, and social disability. Findings are discussed with reference to further theory development and data collection.
2 citations
TL;DR: The use of computer games as a vehicle to aid in the achievement of competence for a ten year-old girl with dermatomyositis is explored.
Abstract: What happens when severe physical disability interferes with the biological drive toward competence by limiting activity which influences the environment? The following case history explores the use of computer games as a vehicle to aid in the achievement of competence for a ten year-old girl with dermatomyositis.
1 citations
TL;DR: To gain some insight as to how people feel about the disclosure of a hidden physical disability to a potential employer, 821 students were queried and suggested that about 15 percent would disclose the disability initially, while 30 percent would divulge the information only when they felt secure on the job.
Abstract: To gain some insight as to how people feel about the disclosure of a hidden physical disability to a potential employer, 821 students were queried. The results suggest that about 15 percent would disclose the disability initially, 30 percent would divulge the information only when they felt secure on the job, while 30 percent would not disclose the disability at all.
01 Jan 1986
TL;DR: Carers of patients of patients who have suffered stroke showed anxiety and emotional distress unrelated to the patient's physical disability after twoyears and more help fromstroke's support groups for carers is perhaps needed.
Abstract: Information from atwoyear, lnitdinal study onacommunity sample ofpatients with acutestroke wasanalysed todetermine theeffects ofthestroke onthemoodofthechief carer(the person living withthepatient). Increased anxiety wasthemost commonly reported change sixmonths after stroke. Sigifcant depression wasseenin11-13% ofcarers overthefirst twoyears after stroke. Thepatient's functional disabilty wasassociated withdepression inthecareroverthefirst yearbutnotattwo years. Aperceived poorrecovery bythepatient, alowlevel of general activities bythepatient, -anddepression inthepatient werealso associated withdepression inthecarerwithin thefirst year. Attwoyears after stroke noneofthemeasured factors were related toacarer's level ofdepression. Carers ofpatients whohavesuffered stroke showedanxiety andemotional distress unrelated tothepatient's physical disability after twoyears. Morehelp fromstroke'support groups for carers isperhaps needed.
01 Jan 1986
TL;DR: Bradham, R. E. and Thorenson as mentioned in this paper, R. W. (1973) Relationship of client preferences and counsellor's physical disability, Journal of Counselling Psy-
Abstract: s, 31-A, 2144. Bradham, R. E. and Thorenson, R. W. (1973) Relationship of client preferences and counsellor's physical disability, Journal of Counselling Psy-