Showing papers on "Physical disability published in 2022"

Systematic Review of the Socioeconomic Consequences in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis With Different Levels of Disability and Cognitive Function

Abstract: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a challenging and disabling condition, predominantly affecting individuals in early adulthood. MS affects the physical, cognitive, and mental health of persons suffering from the disease as well as having a great impact on their financial status and quality of life. However, there is a lack of systematic approach toward assessing the socioeconomic consequences of MS. Our objective was to systematically review analytical observational studies investigating the socioeconomic consequences in persons with MS with different levels of physical disability and cognitive function. We conducted a systematic review on socioeconomic consequences of MS with a focus on employment-, income-, work ability-, and relationship-related outcomes in persons with MS with special focus on disability and cognition. Additionally, the educational characteristics were examined. From 4,957 studies identified, 214 were assessed for eligibility and a total of 19 studies were included in this qualitative assessment; 21 different outcomes were identified. All identified studies reported higher unemployment, higher early retirement, and higher risk of unemployment in relation to higher physical disability. Also, cognitive function was found to be a predictor of employment (unemployment). The studies pointed out significant correlations between greater disability and lower earnings and higher income from benefits. A study found the same correlation in relation to cognitive function. The studies reported higher work disability in relation to higher physical disability and lower cognitive function. In conclusion, this systematic review summarizes the pronounced differences in various socioeconomic outcomes between patients with MS with regards to their physical disability and cognitive function. In addition, we identified a lack of studies with longitudinal design in this field that can provide more robust estimates with covariate adjustments, such as disease modifying treatments.

Interaction between malnutrition and physical disability in older adults: is there a malnutrition-disability cycle?

Abstract: Malnutrition and physical disability are urgent issues in super-aging societies and the 2 phenomena are closely linked in older adults. Both conditions have common underlying causes, including physiological changes due to aging and burdens imposed by disease or injury. Accordingly, a concept of the malnutrition-disability cycle was generated and a comprehensive literature search was performed. There was insufficient evidence to prove an interrelationship between malnutrition and physical disabilities, because of the study design and poor quality, among other factors. However, some evidence exists for the interaction between low body mass index and swallowing disorders, and the effects of some malnutrition and disability components. This review provides the rationale for this interaction, the concept of a malnutrition-disability cycle is proposed, and the available evidence is critically appraise.

Disability, physical activity, and health-related quality of life in Australian adults: An investigation using 19 waves of a longitudinal cohort

Abstract: Background Any form of long-term physical or mental impairment might negatively influence health-related quality of life (HRQoL). HRQoL, as an independent concept, covers a wide range of characteristics that includes physical, mental, social, and spiritual functions. People with disabilities are continuously exposed to multiple barriers that deteriorate their HRQoL. It also creates impairment in performing physical activities. However, experts opine regular physical exercise as an intervention to help disabled people. This research aims to investigate the association between disability and physical activity with HRQoL among the adult population in Australia. Design A retrospective cohort study. Methods This study utilized the most recent 19 waves of data (2002–2020) from the nationally representative Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey. Component summary scores such as physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS), and SF-6D utility scores were utilized to measure HRQoL. Random-effects GLS regression technique was fitted to estimate the association between disability and physical activity with HRQoL, after adjusting for a range of socio-demographic and health-related characteristics. Results Disability was negatively associated with the PCS (-5.95), MCS (-2.70) and SF-6D (-0.060) compared with non-disabled counterparts. However, respondents engaged in the recommended level of physical activity had substantial gain in PCS (b = 0.96), MCS (1.57), and SF-6D (0.021) scores. Besides, the results showed that performing the recommended level of physical activity in the presence of disability has lessen the negative effect of disability/ positive moderating effect of physical activity on PCS, MCS, and SF-6D scores by 1.84 points, 0.82 points, and 0.013 percentage points, respectively. Conclusion This study found an inverse association between disability and HRQoL among Australian adults. However, physical activity was associated with improved HRQoL. Therefore, public health interventions, such as the orientation of physical activities, have a higher potential to dwindle the burden regarding HRQoL.

Information processing speed as a prognostic marker of physical impairment and progression in patients with multiple sclerosis

Abstract: Prediction of disability progression in patients with MS (pwMS) is challenging. So far, scarce evidence exists suggesting knowledge about how cognitive performance may potentially improve prediction of physical impairment and disability progression in MS. Therefore, we wanted to assess the prognostic value of cognitive performance regarding physical impairment and disability progression in pwMS.85 patients (64% female; 60% relapse-remitting MS; mean age=36.78 ± 9.63 years) underwent clinical, neuropsychological (Brief Repeatable Battery for Neuropsychological Test (BRB-N)) and brain MRI (T1-weighted and T2-weighted FLAIR images) assessment at baseline and after an average of 7 years (SD=3.75) at follow-up. We assessed physical impairment and annualized disability progression (disability progression divided by follow-up duration) using the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). To compare patients with no or mild physical impairment (EDSS≤2.5) and patients with moderate to severe physical impairment (EDSS≥3.0), we used an EDSS score ≥3.0 as cut-off. Silent progression was defined by an EDSS worsening of at least 0.5 in the absence of relapses and inflammation in relapsing-remitting MS.In hierarchical regression models (method "STEPWISE", forward) performance in information processing speed was a significant and independent predictor of physical impairment (EDSS≥3.0) at follow-up (model R²=0.671, b=-1.46, OR=0.23, p=0.001) and annualized disability progression (adjusted model R²=0.257, β=-0.26, 95% CI: -0.066, -0.008, p=0.012), in addition to demographics (age, education, individual follow-up time), clinical (EDSS, disease duration, clinical phenotype, annualized-relapse-rate) and MRI measures (brain volumes and T2-lesion load). In a MANCOVA controlled for age, disease duration and individual follow-up time, worse baseline performance in information processing speed was found in patients with higher EDSS at follow-up (m=-1.91, SD=1.18, p<0.001) and silent progression (m=-2.19, SD=1.01, p=0.038).Performance in information processing speed might help to identify patients at risk for physical impairment. Therefore, neuropsychological assessment should be integrated in clinical standard care to support disease management in pwMS.

Quality of Life of Older Adults with Physical and Mobility Disabilities during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study in Thailand

Abstract: Suffering during events such as the COVID-19 pandemic threatens the quality of life (QoL) of older adults with physical and mobility disabilities. This study aims to determine the QoL of older Thai adults with such disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic and its predictor. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 360 older adults with physical and mobility disabilities. Data were collected by structured interview questionnaires. Data analyses comprised Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. The mean age of the participants was 73.52 years; a total of 58.6% of them were female and 97.8% had completed only primary education. More than half of them had a moderate QoL (63.3%). Self-esteem, age, and perception of the benefits of disability were found to be associated with the participants’ QoL (p < 0.05) and capable of predicting it with 54.7% accuracy. As self-esteem and the perception of the benefits of disability were found to be indicators of the QoL of older adults with physical and mobility disabilities, the healthcare providers of such older adults should organize activities that could enhance their self-esteem and the perception of the benefits of disability to improve their QoL, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Impact of Environmental Factors on Post-Stroke Disability: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study.

Abstract: Identify how environmental barriers and facilitators are associated with disability in stroke survivors.An analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted involving individuals in the chronic stage of stroke. The dependent variable was disability, which was assessed using the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS-2.0). Environmental factors (independent variable) were evaluated using the Measure of the Quality of the Environment (MQE). Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to estimate the impact of the environment on disability following a stroke.Seventy-five individuals (mean age: 54.2 + 9.8 years) were analyzed. The most frequent environmental facilitators were related to technology, social networks, and public services. The main barriers were related to the physical environment. Environmental barrier was a predictor of both overall disability [F(1.73) = 4.24; R2=0.06; β = -0.23; t = -2.06; p=0.04] and participation [F(1.73) = 10.45; R2=0.13; β = -0.35; t = -3.23; p = 0.01]. Environmental facilitators were not correlated with disability.Environmental barriers explained 13% of the variation in restrictions to social participation and were also a significant predictor of overall disability. The main barriers were related to the physical environment. Identifying environmental factors related to disability in stroke victims can assist in the planning of guided therapy.

Burden of multiple sclerosis: impact on the patient, family and society.

Abstract: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune neurological disease that significantly influences the health-related quality of life of individuals, their families, and society.This study aimed to identify the burden of MS on patients' and caregivers' quality of lif E.A total of 104 individuals were included consisting of 60 patients with MS (pwMS) diagnosed according to the revised McDonald criteria and 44 caregivers. After collecting the detailed history of all participants, complete general and neurological examinations were performed. Work-related difficulties of the patients including physical, cognitive, and psychological barriers were studied using the 23-item Multiple Sclerosis Work Difficulties Questionnaire (MSWDQ-23), and caregivers were asked to complete the Caregiver Strain Index (CSI).PwMS with higher disabilities have higher statistically significant cognitive impairment and work-related difficulties. In addition, CSI has a significant positive correlation with the age of pwMS (r = 0.48, P = 0.001) and the disability of illness (r = 0.81, P<0.001), and a significant negative correlation with the cognitive affection (r=-0.48, P<0.001), thereby indicating, a significant association between the burden on caregivers and workplace problems assessed by the MSWDQ-23 score reported by PwMS (r = 0.74, P = 0.01).As MS is a debilitating disease affecting the psychological and physical conditions of the patients, as well as work-related abilities, it significantly affects both patients' and caregivers' quality of life.

Shaping Quality of Life with Nursing Assistance. A Grounded Theory Approach to Nursing Care for People with Physical Disabilities and Interactions with Carers in Long-Term Care

Abstract: Shaping Quality of Life with Nursing Assistance. A Grounded Theory Approach to Nursing Care for People with Physical Disabilities and Interactions with Carers in Long-Term Care

Physical activity and chronic disease prevention: Where is the research on people living with disabilities?

Abstract: KEY POINTS More than 1 billion people, 15% of the world’s population, live with some form of disability.[1][1] Disability is not merely the presence of a medical condition. Rather, disability occurs when impairments (physical, mental, sensory, intellectual) interact with personal and environmental

Predominant domains and associated demographic and clinical characteristics in multiple sclerosis-related cognitive impairment in mildly disabled patients

Abstract: Abstract Background Cognitive impairment (CI) is a common finding in multiple sclerosis (MS); however, there is a limited information about its prevalence in mildly disabled cases. We aimed to determine the most affected domains, and also the relation between the demographic factors and cognitive outcomes in mildly disabled relapsing–remitting MS (RRMS). Results Ninety-one mildly disabled RRMS patients with expanded disability status scale (EDSS) < 4 and literacy level above 9 years, were recruited. Based on Minimal Assessment of Cognitive Function in MS (MACFIMS) battery, CI was observed in 19.8% of the patients while 40.60% of the patients had at least one failure in cognitive tests. The most common impaired cognitive domain was information processing speed and working memory (27.5%). There was no significant difference between men and women in terms of CI in our sample ( p -values > 0.05). Disease duration ( p = 0.01), EDSS ( p = 0.01), and education ( p < 0.01) were significantly different between CI and non-CI patients, while age ( p = 0.72), sex ( p = 0.50), diagnostic gap ( p = 0.89), and frequency of relapses ( p = 0.22), did not differ considerably. Conclusions RRMS patients experience some degrees of CI that may present even before the onset of remarkable physical disability; nevertheless, a higher EDSS score and longer disease duration increases the risk of CI. These findings suggest routine cognitive assessment of MS patients.

Effects of self‐efficacy, self‐esteem, and disability acceptance on the social participation of people with physical disabilities: Focusing on COVID‐19 pandemic

Abstract: The objective of this study was to understand the effects of self‐efficacy, self‐esteem, and the degree of disability acceptance of people with physical disabilities living in COVID‐19 pandemic on their social participation.

Sense of Coherence and Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: The Role of Physical and Neurological Disability

Abstract: Multiple sclerosis is a progressive demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that can lead to permanent disability and significantly impact the quality of life. The present study explores the relationship between neurological disability and disease symptoms, quality of life, and the level of sense of coherence, which is an important resource for coping with the disease. EDSS, GNDS, SOC-29, and MSIS-29 were used in the presented study. The study group consisted of 137 people diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. The study showed the correlation between most of the analyzed variables. Mood disability and fatigue were significant predictors of the sense of coherence and explained 34% of its variance. Physical disability and fatigue served as significant predictors of the physical aspect of quality of life, explaining 49% of its variance. Fatigue and sense of coherence were significant predictors of the psychological aspect of quality of life, explaining 47% of the variance. In studies on a group of people with multiple sclerosis, it is worth considering, in addition to the level of disability, also invisible symptoms, such as fatigue or mood disability, which are important for the quality of life and the level of resources. As this study suggests, a sense of coherence is a resource essential for the quality of life of people with disabilities.

Oral-Health-Related Quality of Life and Anxiety in Orthodontic Patients with Conventional Brackets

Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the oral-health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and anxiety levels of adult patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed multibracket appliances. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out at the Dental Clinic of the University of Salamanca in 2021. It included 120 adult patients between 19 and 45 years of age undergoing orthodontic treatment with conventional metal brackets. The data collection instruments chosen were the state–trait anxiety inventory (STAI) to assess anxiety levels and the OHIP-14 questionnaire to measure the OHRQoL. Anxiety levels and OHRQoL were analyzed one month after starting treatment. Results: The mean age was 31.7 years ± 6.5 years; 68 patients were women (56.7%) and 52 were men (43.3%). Psychological disability was the dimension of the OHIP-14 questionnaire that was found to have the greatest impact (3.20 ± 1.08) on patients, as compared to the dimension of disability, which had the lowest impact on the oral-health quality of life (0.37 ± 0.56). The mean total score of the OHIP-14 questionnaire was 11.93 (±2.19). There was no statistically significant influence from either sex or age on the anxiety and oral-health quality of life of the participants; however, there was a significant relationship between the dimensions of physical disability and anxiety traits. Conclusions: The physical disability dimension of the OHIP-14 questionnaire increased the anxiety level of adult patients treated with conventional brackets. The impact of orthodontic treatment on adult patients may negatively influence their levels of anxiety.

Post-discharge care needs of the older people with hospital-associated disability: A longitudinal study.

Abstract: AIMS To investigate the change and associated factors of care needs within 6 months post-discharge in older people with hospital-associated disability, and the relationship between time-varying care needs and physical function. BACKGROUND Older people with hospital-associated disability will have various care needs post-discharge. Understanding their care needs will help to improve their health. However, studies on this population are still limited. DESIGN A longitudinal study. METHODS The older people who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected in 2 tertiary hospitals in Zhejiang Province, China. The questionnaire survey method was used to collect data about socio-demographic characteristics, physical function and care needs. The data of 375 older people who completed follow-up were analysed using logistic regression analysis, generalised estimating equations and generalised additive mixed model. We followed STROBE checklist for reporting the study. RESULTS The care needs of the older people with hospital-associated disability declined unevenly, it decreased rapidly in the first three months, and then flattening out. The percentage of people with care needs in each dimension decreased over time, but daily care and rehabilitation needs were consistently more important. Socio-demographic factors and physical function had different effects on need at different time points, the physical function was the main factor among them. There were non-linear relationships between the physical function and different care needs with different inflection points. CONCLUSION This research revealed change patterns of the care needs of older people with hospital-associated disability post-discharge and the non-linear relationship between physical function and care needs. These findings may help healthcare professionals and caregivers to provide accurate care. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE The findings can be used to identify effective approaches to address the care needs of older people with hospital-associated disability based on the time of discharge, in conjunction with age, education, and especially physical function, which will promote the justify allocation of nursing resources. What does this paper contribute to the wider global clinical community?

Disability Self-Worth and Positive Personal Meaning in Disability: Correlates of Hope Among U.S. Residents With Physical Disabilities:

Abstract: Research is beginning to indicate that positive disability identity is associated with positive psychosocial outcomes among people with disabilities. Personal disability identity (PDI) refers to se...

Disability and physical activity in people with chronic disease receiving physiotherapy. A prospective cohort study

Abstract: Chronic disease affects patients' disability and participation in activities of daily living. Longitudinal information on disability and physical activity is generally scarce in patients with chronic disease. The current study aimed to investigate if self-reported disability and physical activity changed in patients with chronic disease receiving physiotherapy. Furthermore, the aim was to assess if an improvement in self-reported disability was related to an increase in objectively measured physical activity and if an aggravation in self-reported disability was related to a decrease in physical activity. Seventy patients with either multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, rheumatoid arthritis or stroke receiving free of charge physiotherapy were tested at baseline and 1 year later. Disability was measured with the self-reported modified Ranking Scale-9 Questionnaire and physical activity was objectively measured using tri-axial accelerometry. Neither self-reported disability nor physical activity changed among patients receiving 1 year of free of charge physiotherapy at group level. Furthermore, self-reported change of disability was not expressed with changes in objectively measured physical activity, indicating that the two measures represent two different constructs.

Parenting with a physical disability: A scoping review of assessment methods.

Abstract: INTRODUCTION Daily childcare can be challenging for parents with a physical disability who have young children. Occupational therapists are valuable facilitators to family participation. However, occupational therapists have reported significant gaps in knowledge when documenting the parenting role of parents with a physical disability in occupational therapy practice. This study explored and described the parenting assessment methods used with parents with a physical disability in the scientific literature. METHODS A scoping review was conducted, and search results were reviewed by two separate reviewers. The search strategy was applied to five databases (Embase, CINAHL, MEDLINE, HaPI, PsycInfo). Numerical and thematic analyses were conducted. RESULTS Four thousand one hundred fifty articles were screened, and 73 relevant scientific articles were included. Seventy-six assessment methods were identified, including 20 assessment instruments with few reported population-specific psychometric studies. Most assessments were conducted via interviews (n = 45), followed by questionnaires (n = 27), and only six were performance based. Parenting practices and experience were the two dimensions most assessed, with little attention given to parenting responsibility. Mothers with multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, rheumatoid arthritis, and cerebral palsy were the most assessed. CONCLUSION Further research is needed to develop specific, multidimensional, and validated parenting assessments for all parents with a physical disability, including performance-based assessments. Formal assessments should be conducted by professionals, including occupational therapists, who have the necessary training.

The Range of Physical Rehabilitation Methods in Children with Cerebral Palsy

Abstract: Aim: To analyze the modern national and foreign literature on up to date methods of physical rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy. Materials and Methods: The study used bibliosemantic analysis of physical rehabilitation methods in children with cerebral palsy in ScienceDirect, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science electronic databases. Inclusion criteria: (1) physical rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy, (2) methods of physical rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy. If the expected criterion was found, the full text was reviewed. Conclusions: The bibliosemantic review of literature sources indicated that a large set of new methods are used in the physical rehabilitation of children with CP. In general, a larger percentage of authors indicated the effectiveness of the methods of therapeutic physical exercising, rehabilitation massage, dosed proprioceptive correction, sensory inegration, Vojta-Therapy, kinesiotherapy and kinesiotaping in the physical rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy.

Disabling discourses: contemporary cinematic representations of acquired physical disability

Abstract: Film, a powerful publicising agent of knowledge, can have detrimental ideological and material implications contributing towards the systematic exclusion of disabled people. The paper explores how acquired physical disability is constructed within three contemporary mainstream fiction films. Guided by theoretical disability models and stereotypic representations of disability, identified by seminal authors in the field, the discussion highlights discourses that are perpetuated, challenged, or omitted within cinematic portrayals of disability. The paper also addresses how these discourses contribute to the maintenance or subversion of ableist power. The data underwent a multimodal analysis guided by critical and cinematic discourses. While steps towards more nuanced and diverse representations of acquired physical disability are evident, the films continue to perpetuate hegemonic discourses, emotionally provocative, and caricatured portrayals of disability. Arguably, contemporary disability fiction films are still largely produced for, and consumed by, abled audiences. Recommendations for transforming cinematic representations of the disabled are addressed. Points of interestFilms can communicate accurate knowledge as well as damaging stereotypes to the public. Disability has often been portrayed negatively in films and thus it is important to critically analyse films about disability.The paper discusses three contemporary films in which the main actors have an acquired physical disability. What is said about disability through the films’ dialogue, and how disability is shown through camera angles, music, and props was analysed.The research found that films about acquired physical disability continue to produce negative stereotypes about disability. Thus, discrimination against disabled people is continued.Encouragingly, some stereotypes about disability were seen to be challenged in the contemporary films.Future films need to be more inclusive of disability. Characters need to be complex, all-rounded individuals, with disability being only one facet of their personhood.

Impact of Stroke Survivors' Physical Disability on the Presence of Caregiver Burden: A Systematic Review

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Caregiver burden associated with caring for stroke survivors remains a prominent issue in nursing. With stroke being a leading cause of disability worldwide, it is essential that the impact of the stroke survivor's physical disability be analyzed so interventions can be developed to relieve related caregiver burden. The purpose of this systematic review is to review the existing nursing and allied-health literature aimed at the impact of stroke survivors' physical disability on the presence of caregiver burden. METHODS: A systematic review of the CINAHL® and PubMed databases was conducted using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines (searched on June 16, 2021). Study inclusion criteria for this review were as follows: (1) publication in the last 5 years, (2) examined the impact of stroke survivors' physical disability on caregiver burden, (3) caregiver-survivor dyads 18 years or older, (4) published in English, and (5) longitudinal study designs (an exception for reports that present findings not demonstrated in longitudinal studies). Data extracted from articles included sample characteristics, study design, instruments, analyses, and results. RESULTS: A total of 7 studies met the inclusion criteria and were synthesized for use in this systematic review. These studies implemented a variety of instruments to assess for both physical disability in the stroke patient and caregiver burden. A positive correlation between physical disability and caregiver burden was universally reported. CONCLUSION: Further nursing research is warranted to explore the aspects of physical disability that contribute to caregiver burden and to develop interventions to improve the physical functioning of stroke survivors, include social determinants of health, and specifically address the greatest contributors to caregiver burden.

Physical rehabilitation and recovery in neurological diseases

Abstract: The author proved that the problem of neurological diseases is relevant despite the high development of medicine, because in conditions of stress, constant fatigue and poor ecology, we see the growth of patients with nervous disorders. Every year, more and more people of all ages turn to doctors with symptoms that indicate complex neurological diseases. Neurology includes a large number of diseases that can occur after viral diseases or due to improper lifestyle. The most common neurological diseases that cause a large number of deaths in Ukraine are Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and multiple sclerosis. Some neurological diseases are more treatable and easier to tolerate, the progression and development of which can be stopped, while others are severe, which official medicine defines as incurable and lead to disability. It is important to seek the help of a specialist in time to correctly diagnose the disease and avoid unforeseen complications. For each patient it is necessary to select an individual treatment program that depends on the severity of the disease and diagnosis. Today, such a complex and currently incurable neurological disease as multiple sclerosis is becoming more common. This is a chronic autoimmune disease in which the myelin sheath of the nerve fibers of the brain and spinal cord is damaged and thus the functioning of the nervous system is disrupted. Today, this disease is one of the leading causes of disability in young patients. Occurs for unknown reasons and is constantly progressing, leading to serious physical changes and disability. The author argues that physical rehabilitation is a natural and extremely effective method of treating neurological diseases, including multiple sclerosis.

Machine learning-optimized Combinatorial MRI scale (COMRISv2) correlates highly with cognitive and physical disability scales in Multiple Sclerosis patients

Abstract: Composite MRI scales of central nervous system tissue destruction correlate stronger with clinical outcomes than their individual components in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Using machine learning (ML), we previously developed Combinatorial MRI scale (COMRISv1) solely from semi-quantitative (semi-qMRI) biomarkers. Here, we asked how much better COMRISv2 might become with the inclusion of quantitative (qMRI) volumetric features and employment of more powerful ML algorithm. The prospectively acquired MS patients, divided into training ( n = 172) and validation ( n = 83) cohorts underwent brain MRI imaging and clinical evaluation. Neurological examination was transcribed to NeurEx™ App that automatically computes disability scales. qMRI features were computed by lesion-TOADS algorithm. Modified random forest pipeline selected biomarkers for optimal model(s) in the training cohort. COMRISv2 models validated moderate correlation with cognitive disability [Spearman Rho = 0.674; Lin's concordance coefficient (CCC) = 0.458; p &lt; 0.001] and strong correlations with physical disability (Spearman Rho = 0.830–0.852; CCC = 0.789–0.823; p &lt; 0.001). The NeurEx led to the strongest COMRISv2 model. Addition of qMRI features enhanced performance only of cognitive disability model, likely because semi-qMRI biomarkers measure infratentorial injury with greater accuracy. COMRISv2 models predict most granular clinical scales in MS with remarkable criterion validity, expanding scientific utilization of cohorts with missing clinical data.

Wheelchair User’s Satisfaction and its Impact on Physical Activity and Quality of Life in People with Spinal Cord Injury

Abstract: Background Spinal cord injury (SCI) survivors rely greatly on assistive devices, spending around 9–11 hours daily in a wheelchair. It can act both as a barrier and facilitator, positively impacting their mobility, community participation, quality of life (QOL) and functional independence provided the device is satisfactory. However, there is a paucity of information on the level of user satisfication and its impact on the mobility and well being. Keeping in view the present study was conducted to determine the level of wheelchair user’s satisfaction and its impact on physical activity and QOL in SCI. Methods A cross sectional study with a sample of 130 was conducted at Paraplegic Center, Peshawar using “Quebec User Evaluation of Satisfaction with assistive Technology (QUEST)” for wheelchair user’s satisfaction, “Physical Activity Scale for Individuals with Physical Disabilities (PASIPD) for physical activity and World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) for QOL. Results Mean age of the study participants was 32.48±11.96 years. The majority of the participants were males, with most of them being manual wheelchair users. Nearly 80% were regular users. The calculated mean for the QUEST was 3.23±0.51 while 24.49±27.66 for the PASIPD. For the WHOQOL-BREF the calculated median (IQR) in the environmental 56.00 (19.00) and psychological 56.00 (12.00) domain was highest followed by physical domain 50.00(19.00). No significant correlation between participant’s satisfaction level (for wheelchair), and PASIPD (rs=0.054, p=0.541) was observed. On the other hand significant positive correlation was found between physical (rs=0.394, p<0.001), social (rs=0.303, p<0.001) and environmental domain (rs=0.425, p<0.001) except psychological domain (rs=0.156, p=0.076) of QOL. Conclusion The majority of the participants showed moderate levels of satisfication and the impact was observed on the physical, social and environmental domains of QOL. Appropriate wheelchairs enhancing the QOL therefore special measures should be taken to customize the device to the body structure and needs of the customers as anything that can improve their lives even to a minor extent can prove very helpful.

Basic hope and coping among women with physical disability – the moderating role of types of disability

Abstract: Abstract: This research aims to investigate the relationship between basic hope and coping among women with physical disability exploring the moderating effect of types of disability. The study involved 165 women with physical disability who completed of two inventories: Basic Hope Questionnaire BHI-12 and The Coping Orientations to Problems Experienced (COPE) by Carver, Scheier and Weintraub in the Polish adaptation by Piątek and Wrześniewski. The associations between the variables were examined using correlation and moderation analyses. The obtained results show that relation between basic hope and coping among women with physical disability are moderated by types of disability. Two moderating models designed are statistically significant.

Relationship between depression and physical disability by gender among elderly in Indonesia

Abstract: BackgroundThe increasing population of older people can be a positive impact if they could be productive, or it could be negative as a burden if they depend on others. Elderly with physical disabilities can be influenced by various factors, including depression, which can be caused by functional changes in the body due to aging, loss of work, or even the loss of a loved one. This study aimed to determine the relationship between depression and physical disabilities among the elderly in Indonesia who were stratified by gender. MethodsA cross-sectional study using a national survey dataset namely Basic Health Survey and Socio-Economic Survey for 2018 involving 85,427 elderly. Depression and disability were assessed using Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview and Barthel Index. Chi-Square test and multiple binary logistic regression were used to analyze the data. ResultsThe results revealed that 24.75% of elderly people experienced physical disabilities. The probability of males and females with depression having physical disabilities was respectively 2.95 (95% CI = 2.74-3.17) and 2.49 (95% CI = 2.36-2.64) times higher compared to those without depression. The interaction between depression and gender was statistically significant, in that females with depression had an 11% probability of having physical disability. ConclusionThis study reaffirmed that disability is a risk factor for depression in the elderly and female gender is the effect modifier rather than the risk factor. The male depression group showed more physical disability symptoms than the female depression group. There is collaboration from various sectors to prevent depression and physical disabilities.

Advocating for and Providing Quality Adaptive Physical Education

Abstract: Ideally, as put across by the Disability & Human Rights guide, the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) does not give a detailed description of disability but rather gives a wide range of features that intend describe disability. The truth is, despite being incapacitated in a certain way, people living with disabilities should be given the same opportunities as those without. Our separate literature analysis discovered that different efforts had been put in place to present equal opportunities for people living with disabilities. One of these efforts is adaptive physical education. As its name suggests, adaptive physical education is a physical education that has been adapted to create equal opportunities for persons with disabilities as it is for people without disabilities. To this effect, this paper and its entirety will focus on presenting the different themes observed from the different pieces of literature separately.