Topic
Physical optics
About: Physical optics is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 5342 publications have been published within this topic receiving 101388 citations. The topic is also known as: wave optics.
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TL;DR: In this article, the frequency shift of a plane-polarized light wave reflected from a uniformly moving mirror is derived directly from the constant light speed postulate and the basic principles of wave optics.
Abstract: The formula for the frequency shift of a plane-polarized light wave reflected from a uniformly moving mirror is derived directly from the constant light speed postulate and the basic principles of wave optics. Unlike the original derivation by Einstein, our derivation does not involve Lorentz transformations. As such, it lies within the scope of a first course in special relativity.
22 citations
01 Nov 2006
TL;DR: In this paper, a hybrid ray tracing approach based on a ray density normalization (RDN) with physical optics and the Physical Theory of Diffraction (PTD) is presented.
Abstract: A new, efficient and very accurate simulation approach based on a hybrid ray tracing technique is presented. The unique combination of a ray-density normalization (RDN) with Physical Optics (PO) and the Physical Theory of Diffraction (PTD) makes the algorithm almost universally applicable to arbitrary simulations of large and complex objects. This paper gives an overview on simulation results obtained at highly complex objects and focuses on the implementation of PO for dielectric objects.
21 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an overview of the work that led to this design and the basic ideas behind the design are described, and the methods and algorithms that have been developed to synthesize the shapes of the two reflectors and to analyze them are reviewed.
Abstract: The 305-m spherical-reflector antenna of the Arecibo Observatory will be equipped with a dual-reflector feed. This reflector system is often referred to as the Gregorian. An overview of the work that led to this design is given, and the basic ideas behind the design are described. The methods and algorithms that have been developed to synthesize the shapes of the two reflectors and to analyze them are reviewed. Results are given of analysis by forward ray tracing, using geometrical optics with edge-diffraction corrections included. At low frequencies, analysis is performed by physical optics (PO) integration. A 'mini-Gregorian' that has been constructed, built, and tested to verify the dual-reflector feed concept is described. >
21 citations
TL;DR: A new simulation model is proposed that accurately accounts for thick-mask effects of the fields on the mask, greatly improving the accuracy of aerial image simulations in photolithography, while maintaining a reasonable computational cost.
Abstract: In deep ultraviolet lithography simulations, conventional application of Kirchhoff's boundary conditions on the mask surface provides the so-called "thin-mask" approximation of the object field. Current subwavelength lithographic operation, however, places a serious limitation on this approximation, which fails to account for the topographical, or "thick-mask," effects. In this paper, a new simulation model is proposed that is theoretically founded on the well-established physical theory of diffraction. This model relies on the key result that diffraction effects can be interpreted as an intrinsic edge property, and modeled with just two fixed parameters: width and transmission coefficient of a locally determined boundary layer applied to each chrome edge. The proposed model accurately accounts for thick-mask effects of the fields on the mask, greatly improving the accuracy of aerial image simulations in photolithography, while maintaining a reasonable computational cost.
21 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a hybrid numerical method is described for scattering from an electrically large perfectlyconducting object with dihedral effects above a very long one-dimensional rough surface (two-dimensional problem).
Abstract: A new hybrid numerical method is described for scattering from an electrically large perfectly-conducting object with dihedral effects above a very long one-dimensional rough surface (two-dimensional problem). Such a problem involves a large number of unknowns and cannot be solved easily with a conventional method of moments by using a direct LU inversion. Thus, to solve this issue, the Extended-PILE method is combined with the forward-backward spectral acceleration (FBSA) for the local interactions on the rough surface and with the second-order physical optics (PO2) approximation for the local interactions on the object. Classically objects under test do not present dihedral effects and in the high frequency domain the first-order PO (PO1) provides the main contribution. In opposite, in this paper since a cross is considered, the second-order inner reflections contribute significantly and the PO2 must be included. By assuming a Gaussian process with a Gaussian height spectrum, this new hybrid method, E-PILE+FBSA+PO2, is tested against the rigorous E-PILE+ FBSA method (direct LU inversion on the object) as functions of the object inclination, the polarization and the incidence angle.
21 citations