Topic
Physical optics
About: Physical optics is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 5342 publications have been published within this topic receiving 101388 citations. The topic is also known as: wave optics.
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01 Jan 2008
TL;DR: In this article, the Fabry-Perot method was used for diffraction gratings and optical cavities, and optical practicalities: etendue, interferometry, fringe localization and optical fibres.
Abstract: 1. Electromagnetism and basic optics 2. Fourier series and Fourier transforms 3. Diffraction 4. Diffraction gratings 5. The Fabry-Perot 6. Thin films 7. Ray matrices and Gaussian beams 8. Optical cavities 9. Coherence: qualitative 10. Coherence: correlation functions 11. Optical practicalities: etendue, interferometry, fringe localization 12. Image formation: diffraction theory 13. Holography 14. Optical fibres 15. Polarization 16. Two modern optical devices
115 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the Gaussian beam-mode treatment of free-space propagation is extended to cover the transformations produced by conic-section reflectors or lenses, and both the propagation steps and the lens transformations are incorporated into a matrix formulation readily applicable to networks of such reflectors.
Abstract: The basis of the near-complete analytical methodology that now exists for the design of long-wave optical systems is set out. The Gaussian beam-mode treatment of free-space propagation is extended to cover the transformations produced by conic-section reflectors or lenses, and both the propagation steps and the lens transformations are incorporated into a matrix formulation readily applicable to networks of such reflectors or lenses. In the process the theorems of Fourier optics are demonstrated and the vectorial properties of the beam-fields are kept explicit. It is shown how recent formulations of partial coherence have made it possible to include partially coherent beams in the same methodology. For the design of high-performance systems, the inclusion of higher-order mode dispersion must be fully understood, the vector properties must be recoverable, and the paraxiality on which the methodology rests must be critically assessed. The authors emphasize these aspects and present a single systematic formulation embracing all the elements. >
115 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the geometric optics approximation for radiative scattering from rough surfaces is compared with exact scattering predictions from electromagnetic theory, and the regions of accuracy of the geometric approximation are quantified and presented as a function of surface slope and roughness.
115 citations
Book•
28 Nov 2006
TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose a method for separating polarization along a principal axis, which is based on the Jones concept, and a modified version of Birefringent Optics.
Abstract: Preface. 1 Polarized Light. 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 Concept of Light Polarization. 1.3 Description of The State of Polarization. 1.4 The Stokes Concept. 1.5 The Jones Concept. 1.6 Coherence and Polarized Light. References. 2 Electromagnetic Waves in Anisotropic Materials. 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Analytical Background. 2.3 Time Harmonic Fields and Plane Waves. 2.4 Maxwell's Equations in Matrix Representation. 2.5 Separation of Polarizations for Inhomogeneous Problems. 2.6 Separation of Polarizations for Anisotropic Problems. 2.7 Dielectric Tensor and Index Ellipsoid. References. 3 Description of Light Propagation with Rays. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Light Rays and Wave Optics. 3.3 Light Propagation Through Interfaces (Fresnel Formula) . 3.4 Propagation Direction of Rays in Crystals. 3.5 Propagation Along A Principal Axis. 3.6 Rays at Isotropic-Anisotropic Interfaces. 3.7 Gaussian Beams. References. 4 Stratified Birefringent Media. 4.1 Maxwell Equations for Stratified Media. 4.2 Jones Formalism in Examples. 4.3 Extended Jones Matrix Method. 4.4 The 4x4 Berreman Method. 4.5 Analytical Solution for A Birefringent Slab. 4.6 Reflection and Transmission. References. 5 Space-Grid Time-Domain Techniques. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Description of the FDTD Method. 5.3 Implementation and Boundary Conditions. 5.4 Rigorous Optics for Liquid Crystals. References. 6 Organic Optical Materials. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Polymers for Optics. 6.3 Physical Properties of Polymers. 6.4 Optical Properties of Polymers. 6.5 Liquid Crystal Phases. 6.6 Liquid Crystal Polymers. 6.7 Birefringence in Isotropic Materials. 6.8 Form Birefringence. 6.9 Order-Induced Birefringence. 6.10 Optical Properties of Liquid Crystals and Oriented Polymers. References. 7 Practical Polarization Optics with the Microscope. 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Microscope Characteristics. 7.3 Polarization Microscope. 7.4 Polarizers. 7.5 Polarization Colors. 7.6 Compensation and Retardation Measurement. 7.7 Conoscopy. 7.8 Local Polarization Mapping. References. 8 Optics of Liquid Crystal Textures. 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Calculation of Liquid Crystal Director Distributions. 8.3 Optical Properties of Uniform Textures. 8.4 Optical Properties of Liquid Crystal Defects. 8.5 Surface Line Defects in Nematics. 8.6 Defects in Smectic Phases. 8.7 Confined Nematic Liquid Crystals. 8.8 Instabilities in Liquid Crystals. 8.9 Deformation of Liquid Crystal Directors by Fringing Fields. 8.10 Resolution Limit of Switchable Liquid Crystal Devices. 8.11 Switching in Layered Phases. References. 9 Refractive Birefringent Optics. 9.1 Birefringent Optical Elements. 9.2 Fabrication of Refractive Components. 9.3 Optical Properties of Modified Birefringent Components. 9.4 Liquid Crystal Phase Shifters. 9.5 Modal Control Elements. 9.6 Interferometers Based on Polarization Splitting. 9.7 Birefringent Microlenses. 9.8 Electrically Switchable Microlenses. References. 10 Diffractive Optics with Anisotropic Materials. 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 Principles of Fourier Optics. 10.3 Polarization Properties. 10.4 Diffraction at Binary Gratings. 10.5 Concepts and Fabrication. 10.6 Diffractive Elements Due to surface Modifications. 10.7 Electrically Switchable Gratings. 10.8 Switchable Diffractive Lenses. References. 11 Bragg Diffraction. 11.1 Reflection by Multilayer Structures. 11.2 Polymer Films. 11.3 Giant Polarization Optics. 11.4 Reflection by Cholesteric Liquid Crystals. 11.5 Color Properties of Cholesteric Bragg Reflectors. 11.6 Apodization of Cholesteric Bragg Filters. 11.7 Reflection by Dispersed Cholesteric Liquid Crystals. 11.8 Depolarization Effects by Polymer Dispersed Cholesteric Liquid Crystals. 11.9 Defect Structures in Cholesteric Bragg Reflectors. 11.10 Structured Cholesteric Bragg Filters. 11.11 Plane Wave Approach to the Optics of Blue Phases. References. Index.
114 citations
01 Sep 1981
TL;DR: In this article, the authors compared three analytical methods for a conducting sinusoidal surface in detail for both TE and TM polarized waves, and found the MMM method to be the most efficient one in terms of the rate and range of convergence.
Abstract: The scattering of waves from periodic surfaces is studied. We give a general review of this problem and compare three analytical methods for a conducting sinusoidal surface in detail for both TE and TM polarized waves. The three methods are: 1) the method developed by Masel, Merrill, and Miller (MMM); 2) the Modified Physical Optics (MPO) method; and 3) Waterman's Plane Harmonics (WPH) approach. We find the MMM method to be the most efficient one in terms of the rate and range of convergence. For dielectric media with periodic rough surfaces, an improved method is developed for calculating the reflected and transmitted powers. The results are used to compare with experimental data obtained at optical frequencies. It is shown that good agreement is achieved when the complex permittivity of the metal for the grating at the corresponding frequency is used.
114 citations