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Phytotoxicity

About: Phytotoxicity is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 3721 publications have been published within this topic receiving 88150 citations. The topic is also known as: phototoxic.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The induction of enzymes and metal-specific changes in isoperoxidase pattern can be used as diagnostic criteria to evaluate the phytotoxicity of soils, contaminated by several metals.
Abstract: . Uptake of phytotoxic amounts of metal by higher plants or algae can result in inhibition of several enzymes, and in increase in activity (= induction) of others. Two mechanisms of enzyme inhibition predominate: (1) binding of the metal to sulphydryl groups, involved in the catalytic actionor structural integrity of enzymes, and (2) deficiency of an essential metal in metalloproteins or metal-protein complexes, eventually combined with substitution of the toxic metal for the deficient element. Metal accumulation in the cellular compartment of the enzyme is a prerequisite for enzyme inhibition in vivo. The induction of some enzymes is considered to play a significant role in the stress metabolism, induced by metal phytotoxicity. Peroxidase induction is likely to be related to oxidative reactions at the biomembrane; several enzymes of the intermediary metabolism might be stimulated to compensate for metal-sensitive photosynthetic reactions. The induction of enzymes and metal-specific changes in isoperoxidase pattern can be used as diagnostic criteria to evaluate the phytotoxicity of soils, contaminated by several metals. Lines for future research on metal phytotoxicity are proposed, involving the study of inhibition and induction of enzymes at the different cell membranes (especially the plasmamembrane) in vivo.

1,634 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Effects of five types of nanoparticles on seed germination and root growth of six higher plant species were investigated and inhibition on root growth varied greatly among nanoparticles and plants.

1,522 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
G. M. Gadd1
TL;DR: The use of fungal biomass for the detoxification of metal/radionuclide-containing industrial effluents is of biotechnological potential (Gadd, 1990, 1992a) as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Interactions of toxic metals with fungi have long been of importance since metal toxicity still is the basis of many fungicidal preparations while in an environmental context, accelerating pollution of the natural environment has led to increased interest because of the sometimes dominant presence of fungi in metal-polluted habitats, the translocation of toxic metals and radionuclides to fruit bodies of edible higher fungi, and the significance of mycorrhizal fungi in the amelioration of metal phytotoxicity (Colpaert and Van Assche, 1987). Furthermore, the use of fungal (and other microbial) biomass for the detoxification of metal/radionuclide-containing industrial effluents is of biotechnological potential (Gadd, 1990, 1992a).

1,131 citations

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 2000
TL;DR: The concentrations in plant parts depend both on intrinsic and extrinsic factors and vary greatly for different species and for different metals as discussed by the authors, with only small elevations of metal concentration to survival with accumulated metal constituting a significant percentage of the plant dry matter.
Abstract: The concentrations in plant parts depend both on intrinsic and extrinsic factors and vary greatly for different species and for different metals. Responses by plant species to exposure to metalliferous soils can range from phytotoxicity to survival by exclusion, with only small elevations of metal concentration to survival with accumulated metal constituting a significant percentage of the plant dry matter. The importance of nonvascular transport through laticifers, for example, is also obscure. The extent to which secondary xylem tissues become a long-term repository for accumulated metals is not known. The high degree of endemism to metal-rich soils shown by hyperaccumulating taxa has been related to their survival. The success of many metallophytes in overcoming the adverse edaphic conditions is such that they can exist relatively free from competition. Metal hyperaccumulators have been recognized on the basis of concentrations of metals in leaf dry matter.

1,090 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The phytotoxicity of ZnO nanoparticles was not directly from their limited dissolution in the bulk nutrient solution or rhizosphere, implying that little (if any) Zn O nanoparticles could translocate up in the ryegrass in this study.
Abstract: Increasing application of nanotechnology highlights the need to clarify nanotoxicity. However, few researches have focused on phytotoxicity of nanomaterials; it is unknown whether plants can uptake and transport nanoparticles. This study was to examine cell internalization and upward translocation of ZnO nanoparticles by Lolium perenne (ryegrass). The dissolution of ZnO nanoparticles and its contribution to the toxicity on ryegrass were also investigated. Zn2+ ions were used to compare and verify the root uptake and phytotoxicity of ZnO nanoparticles in a hydroponic culture system. The root uptake and phytotoxicity were visualized by light, scanning electron, and transmission electron microscopies. In the presence of ZnO nanoparticles, ryegrass biomass significantly reduced, root tips shrank, and root epidermal and cortical cells highly vacuolated or collapsed. Zn2+ ion concentrations in bulk nutrient solutions with ZnO nanoparticles were lower than the toxicity threshold of Zn2+ to the ryegrass; shoot Zn...

957 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023233
2022476
2021183
2020209
2019192
2018177