Topic
Pinealocyte
About: Pinealocyte is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1605 publications have been published within this topic receiving 55609 citations.
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TL;DR: It is suggested that cap‐independent translation of AANAT mRNA plays a role in the rhythmic synthesis of melatonin through the recruitment of translational machinery to hnRNP R‐bound AANat mRNA.
Abstract: Rhythmic arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) synthesis is a prominent circadian-controlled response that occurs in most mammals. AANAT is the core enzyme in melatonin production; because melatonin participates in many physiological processes, the regulation of AANAT is an important research topic. In this study, we focused on the role of heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein R (hnRNP R) in the translation of AANAT. A novel RNA-binding protein hnRNP R widely interacted with the 5' untranslated region (UTR) of AANAT mRNA and contributed to translation through an internal ribosomal entry site (IRES). Fine-tuning of AANAT protein synthesis occurred in response to knockdown and overexpression of hnRNP R. Nocturnal elevation of AANAT protein was dependent on the rhythmic changes of hnRNP R, whose levels are elevated in the pineal gland during nighttime. Increases in hnRNP R additionally improved AANAT production in rat pinealocytes under norepinephrine (NE) treatment. These results suggest that cap-independent translation of AANAT mRNA plays a role in the rhythmic synthesis of melatonin through the recruitment of translational machinery to hnRNP R-bound AANAT mRNA.
18 citations
TL;DR: In the pineal gland of the pipistrelle bat two different populations of pinealocytes and glial cells were observed electron microscopically, and granular vesicles appeared to be more numerous in hibernating nulliparous females.
Abstract: In the pineal gland of the pipistrelle bat two different populations of pinealocytes and glial cells were observed electron microscopically The pinealocytes of populations I and II differ in their content of metabolically active cell organelles In the pinealocytes of population I, granular vesicles originating from the Golgi apparatus were found in the perikaryon and especially in the endings of the pinealocyte processes Granular vesicles appeared to be more numerous in hibernating nulliparous females The pinealocytes of population II are characterized by the presence of small cytoplasmic vacuoles, probably originating from cisternae of the granular endoplasmic reticulum and containing flocculent material of moderate electron density The classification of the pinealocytes belonging to population II is discussed
18 citations
TL;DR: In vitro effects of acetylcholine and carbamyl-beta-methylcholine in the presence and absence of pirenzipine are investigated, suggesting that cholinergic agonists increase pineal SR numbers by acting through muscarinic M1 receptors.
18 citations
TL;DR: Findings provide further evidence that activation of two receptor‐regulated signal transduction mechanisms may be commonly required for maximal stimulation of cGMP accumulation, and establish a new experimental approach to the study ofcGMP regulation.
18 citations
TL;DR: Evidence is presented that NF-κB is an important transcription factor that acts, directly or indirectly, on Aanat transcription and activity leading to a modulation of melatonin synthesis.
18 citations