Showing papers on "Plant breeding published in 1988"

Applied Mutation Breeding for Vegetatively Propagated Crops

Abstract: List of tables. List of colour plates. List of figures. Preface. 1. General introduction. 2. Mutagenic treatments. Introduction. Chemical mutagens. Physical mutagens. References. 3. Other sources of genetic variation. Introduction. Ploidy mutations. Somaclonal variations. References. 4. Shoot apices: Organization and post-irradiation behaviour. Introduction. Structure and functioning of shoot apices. Behaviour of axillary and adventitious buds. The position of a mutated cell within a plant chimerism. Rearrangements of cell layers. Shoot apices after irradiation. Patterns of radiation-induced morphological/histological damage and recovery. The fate of a mutated apical cell diplontic selection. References. 5. Adventitious bud techniques and other in vivo or in vitro methods of asexual propagation of relevance to mutation breeding. Introduction. In vivo techniques. In vitro techniques. 6. Root and tuber crops. General. Cassava. Garlic and shallots. Jerusalem artichoke. Potato. Sweet potato. Yams and various other (tropical) root and tuber crops. 7. Ornamental crops. General. Tuber and bulb crops. Flowering pot plants. Foliage pot plants. Cut flowers. Garden plants. Woody plants. 8. Woody perennials and forest trees. General. Broad-leaved trees. Coniferous trees. Trees used in sericulture (Morus). 9. Fruit crops. Temperate fruit crops. Tree fruits. Small fruits. Grapevine. Tropical fruit crops. 10. Other crops. Essential oil crops. Fiber crops. Rubber. Hops. Sugarcane. Tea. Grasses. Index of references. Index of plant names.

Haploid Plants from Tissue Culture: New Plant Varieties in a Shortened Time Frame

Abstract: Specialized plant tissue culture methods have enabled the production of completely homozygous breeding lines from gametic cells in a shortened time frame compared to conventional plant breeding. Plants from gametic cells of an F1 hybrid represent a gametic array each having a different genetic contribution from the parents. Lines exhibiting the desired characteristics are chosen for large-scale field trials as a prelude to commercialization. Although the number of new plant varieties developed via this method has been limited, refinement of tissue culture techniques has extended the range of crop species from which haploid plants have been produced as well as the efficiency resulting in large-scale haploid plant production. Several varieties developed via this method are grown on considerable acreage while others are being tested as candidates to replace varieties developed by conventional methods.

Somaclonal Variation: Its Genetic Basis and Prospects for Crop Improvement

Abstract: Somaclonal variation is defined as genetic variation observed among progeny of plants regenerated from somatic cells cultured in vitro. Although theoretically all plants regenerated from somatic cells should be clones, a number of observations have indicated that this is not the case.1,2 In addition to the basic genetic implications of this phenomenon, the variation has proven useful in breeding programs of various crop plants.3 Conventional plant breeding has traditionally been the sole avenue for crop improvement; however, recent demands of agricultural-based industry has shown that this process is too time consuming for typical corporate time frames. While variability has been obtained from wild species of cultivated crops its access has been quite limited. Indeed many desired traits such as disease resistance have yet to be identified. It is also difficult to establish novelty related to legal protection of conventional breeding outputs since many workers are using the same breeding lines in their programs. Thus somaclonal variation provides great promise for reducing the time required to produce new varieties or breeding lines which are easily patentable due to their novel variation.