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Showing papers on "Plant morphology published in 2001"


01 Jan 2001
TL;DR: Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation has been used to obtain transgenic plants in 89 different taxa, representing 79 species from 55 genera and 27 families, including one Gymnosperm family, with tremendous potential for genetic manipulation of plants.
Abstract: Summary Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation has been used to obtain transgenic plants in 89 different taxa, representing 79 species from 55 genera and 27 families. A diverse range of dicotyledonous plant families is represented, including one Gymnosperm family. In addition to the Ri plasmid, over half these plants have been transformed with foreign genes, including agronomically useful traits. Plants regenerated from hairy roots often show altered plant morphology such as dwarfing, increased rooting, altered flowering, wrinkled leaves and/or increased branching due to rol gene expression. These altered phenotypic features can have potential applications for plant improvement especially in the horticultural industry where such morphological alterations may be desirable. Use of A. rhizogenes and rol gene transformation has tremendous potential for genetic manipulation of plants and has been of particular benefit for improvement of ornamental and woody plants.

181 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation has been used to obtain transgenic plants in 89 different taxa, representing 79 species from 55 genera and 27 families.
Abstract: Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation has been used to obtain transgenic plants in 89 different taxa, representing 79 species from 55 genera and 27 families. A diverse range of dicotyledonous plant families is represented, including one Gymnosperm family. In addition to the Ri plasmid, over half these plants have been transformed with foreign genes, including agronomically useful traits. Plants regenerated from hairy roots often show altered plant morphology such as dwarfing, increased rooting, altered flowering, wrinkled leaves and/or increased branching due to rol gene expression. These altered phenotypic features can have potential applications for plant improvement especially in the horticultural industry where such morphological alterations may be desirable. Use of A. rhizogenes and rol gene transformation has tremendous potential for genetic manipulation of plants and has been of particular benefit for improvement of ornamental and woody plants.

151 citations


01 Jan 2001

98 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Oct 2001-Botany
TL;DR: In this article, differences among regional collections of H. perforatum were assessed based on analysis of hypericin and pseudohypericin concentration in floral, leaf, and stem tissue; light and dark leaf gland density; leaf area; leaf length/width ratio; and stem height.
Abstract: Geographic differences among Hypericum perforatum L. plants in concentration of two hypericins and five morphological characteristics were analyzed in plants collected from four sites each in northern California and western Montana and two sites in Oregon. Differences among regional collections of H. perforatum were assessed based on analysis of hypericin and pseudohypericin concentration in floral, leaf, and stem tissue; light and dark leaf gland density; leaf area; leaf length/width ratio; and stem height. Significant differences in morphological and biochemical traits were detected primarily between samples collected from California and Montana. California samples had higher concentrations of hypericins, greater leaf gland density, larger leaves, and taller stems than those from Montana. Overall, Oregon samples did not consistently differentiate from those of Montana and California. Seasonal differences in hypericins were analyzed in Oregon plants only. Mean floral concentration of pseudohypericin (0.2...

61 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used the L-system formalism to simulate 3D canopies and a projection method was used to calculate intercepted radiation, and calculated the grain yield for each plant location, based on the radiation intercepted (calculated for virtual plants with observed leaf sizes, and for real plants with unchanged leaf sizes).

32 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, Nothofagus cunninghamii (Hook) clones of five different genotypes from Mt Field National Park, Tasmania, were grown in controlled environment cabinets at daytime temperatures of 23 and 18°C.
Abstract: Nothofagus cunninghamii (Hook.) Oerst. clones of five different genotypes from Mt Field National Park, Tasmania, were grown in controlled environment cabinets at daytime temperatures of 23 and 18°C. These temperatures approximate summer conditions in Tasmania at sea level and at about 700 m a.s.l., respectively. There was a significant effect of both temperature and genotype on plant height, but there was no interaction of these terms. Temperature also had a significant influence on plant leaf area and biomass. Plants grown at 23°C were significantly larger and allocated more biomass to leaf tissue than did those grown at 18°C. Importantly, temperature had no impact on the size of leaves, whether expressed as average weight per leaf or area per leaf, but these variables were strongly affected by genotype. Specific leaf area, stomatal density and stomatal index did not vary with either temperature or genotype. These results have implications for our understanding of altitudinal impacts on plant morphology and also for the interpretation of the fossil record, since temperature has little impact on leaf characters in this species.

28 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is concluded that cutting the main stem at 30 cm height and allowing the plants to grow for an additional 70 d result in the highest quality biomass for use as green manure, windbreaks, and mulch.
Abstract: A field experiment was conducted at the Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, to determine the effects on plant morphology, biomass yield, and flower production. of cutting the main stem of sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) plants at different heights. Seeds treated with cowpea (Vigua unguicalata)-type rhizobium were sown on 15 April 1999. The main stems were cut at 30, 60, and 90 cm above soil surface 100 days after seeding when the plants were about 1.5 m tall. Control plants were left uncut. Biomass that had been cut from plants was included in the total biomass yield. Seventy days following stem cutting, individual plants were evaluated for: plant height; main stem diameter; fresh and dry weights of roots, main stems, primary branches, secondary branches, leaves, open flowers, and unopened flowers. Leaf area and nutritional analyses of the plant parts were determined. Cutting the main stem at 30 and 60 cm above soil surface reduced total plant biomass, where...

26 citations


01 Jan 2001
TL;DR: Article available on line / Article disponible en ligne à l’adresse : http://om.ciheam.org/article.php?IDPDF=1600050
Abstract: Article available on line / Article disponible en ligne à l’adresse : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------http://om.ciheam.org/article.php?IDPDF=1600050 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

21 citations



Book
01 Jan 2001
TL;DR: This book discusses the evolution of flowering plants, Ecology of flowering and pollination, and interaction between plants and animals.
Abstract: Section A - INTRODUCTION. Section B - STRUCTURE. The plant cell. The cell wall. Plastids and mitochondria. Membranes. Nucleus and genome. Cell Division. Section C - VEGETATIVE ANATOMY. Meristems and primary tissues. Roots. Herbaceous stems and primary growth. Woody stems and secondary growth. Leaves. Section D - REPRODUCTIVE ANATOMY. The flower. Pollen and ovlules. The seed. Fruits. Section E - PHYSIOLOGY AND REGULATION. Arabidopsis and other model plants. Methods in experimental plant science. Section F - GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT. Features of growth and development. Biochemistry of growth regulation. Molecular action of hormones and intracellular messengers. Section G - SENSING AND RESPONDING TO THE ENVIRONMENT. Phytochrome, photoperiodism and photomorphogenesis. Tropisms. Nastic responses. Abscission. Stress avoidance and adaptation. Section H - FLORAL DEVELOPMENT AND REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY. Physiology of floral initiation and development. Breeding systems. Self incompatibility. Seed development, dormancy and germination. Section I - PLANTS, WATER AND MINERAL NUTRITION. Plants and water. Water retention and stomata. Movement of nutrient ions across membranes. Uptake of mineral nutrients in the plant. Functions of mineral nutrients. Section J - METABOLISM. Photosynthetic pigments and the nature of light. Major reactions of photosynthesis. C3 and C4 plants and CAM. Respiration and carbohydrate metabolism. Amino acid, lipid, polysaccharide and secondary product metabolism. Section K - PLANT COMMUNITIES AND POPULATIONS. Physical factors and plant distribution. Plant communities. Ecology of different growth forms. Populations. Contributions to carbon balance and atmosphere. Section L - REPRODUCTIVE ECOLOGY. Ecology of flowering and pollination. Seed ecology. Regeneration and establishment. Polymorphisms and population genetics. Section M - INTERACTIONS BETWEEN PLANTS AND OTHER ORGANISMS. Mycorrhiza. Nitrogen fixation. Interactions between plants and animals. Fungal pathogens and endophytes. Bacteria, mycoplasma, viruses and heterokonts. Parasites and saprophytes. Carnivorous plants. Section N - HUMAN USES OF PLANTS. Plants as food. Plants for construction. Plants in medicine. Plants for other uses. Bioremediation. Section O - PLANT GENETIC ENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY. Plant breeding. Plant cell and tissue culture. Plant genetic engineering. Section P - PLANT DIVERSITY. Diversity and life cycles. The algae. The bryophytes. Reproduction in bryophytes. Section Q - SPORE-BEARING VASCULAR PLANTS. Early evolution of vascular plants. Clubmosses and horsetails. The ferns. Evolution of the seed. Section R - SEED PLANTS. Early seed plants. Conifers. Cycads, Gingko and Gnetales. Evolution of flowering plants. Mechanisms of evolution. Further reading. Index




Journal Article
TL;DR: Seven maize genotypes were evaluated against shoot fly species under heavy natural infestation during spring, 1995 and 1996 seasons and showed that resistant varieties had less stem thickness and leaf width, more leaf length and number of leaves/plant as compared to susceptible ones.
Abstract: Seven maize genotypes were evaluated against shoot fly species (Atherigona soccata Rondani and A. naqvii Steyskal) under heavy natural infestation during spring, 1995 and 1996 seasons. The shoot fly species did not discriminate amongst the plants of different varieties while laying eggs in the field. All the varieties differed significantly from each other in relation to dead-heart formation due to shoot flies, the lowest being in Antigua Gr. I and highest in CM -300. Significantly more number of dead-hearts were formed in 1996 than 1995. Morphological plant characters were either positively or negatively correlated with the number of eggs laid by shoot fly species showing insignificant differences indicating that these did not influence the egg laying by shoot flies in the field. The leaf width and stem thickness, number of leaves/plant and leaf length were positively and negatively, respectively significantly correlated with dead-heart percentages. It showed that resistant varieties had less stem thickness and leaf width, more leaf length and number of leaves/plant as compared to susceptible ones. However, other plant characteristics were either negatively or positively correlated showing non-significant difference.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The growth of treated Triticum monococcum plants was 32.9% higher than the growth of control plants in the challenge water stress cycle, and the leaf-blade/leaf-sheath ratio decreased in the case of bothTriticum species as the number of water stress cycles increased.
Abstract: The purpose of the experiment was to observe the influence of previous, repeated water stress cycles on the response of Triticum monococcum L. and Triticum spelta L. to a subsequent, challenge water stress. The plants were grown in pots, in a growth chamber. Treated plants underwent two water stress cycles, while control plants were kept well watered. In the subsequent challenge water stress cycle both control and treated plants experienced water deficiency. The growth of treated Triticum monococcum plants was 32.9% higher than the growth of control plants in the challenge water stress cycle. There was no difference between the growth of treated and control Triticum spelta plants in the challenge water stress cycle. The leaf-blade/leaf-sheath ratio decreased in the case of both Triticum species as the number of water stress cycles increased. In the case of Triticum monococcum, the number of stomata in the middle part of the leaf-blade was significantly higher (18.7%) in treated plants than in control pla...