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Plant morphology

About: Plant morphology is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1174 publications have been published within this topic receiving 24418 citations. The topic is also known as: phytomorphology & morphology of higher plants.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This study is the first to report that Azospirillum inoculation of potato microclones not only improves the quality of planting material produced in vitro but also significantly increases minituber yield through enhancing plant adaptive capacity in the field.
Abstract: Microclonal propagation in vitro is being actively used in the production of healthy planting material of food and ornamental plants. However, it needs further improvement to increase the growth rates of microclones in vitro and enhance regenerant survivability ex vitro. A promising approach to this end could be inoculating in vitro-micropropagated plants with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, specifically Azospirillum. However, the influence of Azospirillum inoculation on microclone behavior throughout the production process, including plant adaptation ex vitro and food crop productivity, has been underinvestigated. In this study, in vitro-growing potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) microclones were inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense strain Sp245. The microclones were then grown on in soil in the greenhouse and field, with the experiment lasting for 120 days. Root-associated bacteria were identified immunochemically, and the mitotic index of root meristematic cells was determined by a cytological method. The plant morphological parameters determined were shoot length, number of nodes per shoot, number of roots per plant, maximal root length, leaf area, percentage of surviving plants in the soil, and tuber yield and weight. Our results show that bacterial inoculation of potato microclones in vitro enhances plant adaptive capacity ex vitro and increases minituber yield. The percent survival index of field-grown inoculated plants was 1.5-fold greater than that of uninoculated plants. The overall tuber weight per plant was more than 30 % greater in the inoculated plants than it was in the control ones. For all cultivars on average, tuber yield per square meter increased by more than 45 % as a result of inoculation in vitro. This study is the first to report that Azospirillum inoculation of potato microclones not only improves the quality of planting material produced in vitro but also significantly increases minituber yield through enhancing plant adaptive capacity in the field.

28 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
S.Mohan Jain1
TL;DR: Begonia × elatior plantlets, regenerated from leaf disk callus, showed differences in flower morphology, flower size, plant height, plant morphology and number of flowers per plant, while micropropagation of two MV1 somaclones of each experimental plant, selected for their desirable traits, stabilized in the MV2 and MV3 generations.

28 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
02 Oct 2009-Botany
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of salinity on plant architecture, including final plant height, number of leaves, and leaf area, was investigated in tomato plants grown in greenhouses at four salinity levels (4, 7, 10, and 13mS·cm−1).
Abstract: Limited information is available on the effect of salinity on plant architecture; not only on final plant height, number of leaves, and leaf area, but also on plant growth and development from the leaflet to the whole plant scale. Tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L. ‘Marmara’) were grown in greenhouses at four salinity levels (4, 7, 10, and 13 mS·cm–1). Plant development (leaf and inflorescence initiation), leaf growth rate, and final leaf dimensions were measured along the stem according to leaf rank and treatment. A decrease in leaflet growth and in the number of leaflets per leaf was associated with a lower growth rate and longer growth period in salinity stressed plants. Stem internode length was also reduced by salinity. At the plant scale, plant height and leaf area decreased with an increase in salinity. These parameters were the main inputs of a 3-D model of plant architecture, which enabled a complete description of plant architecture from the elementary to the canopy scale. This model of plan...

28 citations

01 Jan 2000

28 citations

Journal Article
TL;DR: Silicon application to drought stressed maize plants was better to improve the growth and dry matter could be attributed to improved osmotic adjustment, photosynthetic rate and lowered transpiration.
Abstract: Current water scarcity is an emerging issue in semi-arid regions like Pakistan and cause of deterioration in productivity of crops to reduce crop yield all over the world. Silicon is known to be better against the deleterious effects of drought on plant growth and development. A pot study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Si nutrition (0, 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg) on the growth of a relatively drought tolerant (P-33H25) and sensitive (FH-810) maize hybrids. Two levels of soil water content were used viz. 100 and 60% of field capacity. Water deficit condition in soil significantly reduced morphological and physiological attributes of maize plants. Silicon application significantly improved the plant height, leaf area per plant, primary root length, dry matter of shoot and roots and plant dry matter, water relation and gas exchange characteristics of both maize cultivars under water deficit condition. Poor growth of drought stressed plants was significantly improved with Si application. The silicon fertilized (100 mg/kg) drought stressed plants of hybrid P-33H25 produced maximum (21.68% more) plant dry matter as compared to plants that were not provided with silicon nutrition. Nonetheless, silicon application (150 mg/kg) resulted in maximum increase (26.03%) in plant dry weight of hybrid FH-810 plants that were grown under limited moisture supply i.e., 60% FC. In conclusion silicon application to drought stressed maize plants was better to improve the growth and dry matter could be attributed to improved osmotic adjustment, photosynthetic rate and lowered transpiration.

28 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20235
202210
20218
202023
201944
201838