Plant morphology

About: Plant morphology is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1174 publications have been published within this topic receiving 24418 citations. The topic is also known as: phytomorphology & morphology of higher plants.

Plant morphology differences in two perennial ryegrass cultivars.

Abstract: ‘Grasslands Samson’ and ‘Grasslands Impact’ are cultivars of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) widely used in New Zealand. This study investigated differences in vegetative morphology of these cultivars. Seeds were germinated, and 50 seedlings per cultivar assessed for 10 different morphological traits in a greenhouse in spring, up to the 10th leaf stage of growth. The cultivars differed most in mean leaf width, leaf‐sheath length, leaf appearance interval, and tiller number per plant. ‘Grasslands Samson’ had broader leaves, shorter leaf‐sheaths, a shorter leaf appearance interval, and fewer tillers per plant on average than ‘Grasslands Impact’, but with overlap between cultivars in all cases. Principal component (PC) analysis of morphological data yielded four PCs judged to contain biological information. PCs 1 and 2 together explained 63% of data variation and identified individual plants of either cultivar with greater leaf length arising from higher leaf elongation rate or leaf elongatio...

Morphogenesis of Tanzania guinea grass under nitrogen doses and plant densities

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate effects of nitrogen fertilization and plant density on morphogenesis of Tanzania guinea grass. It was used a random block design with 12 treatments and two replications in a 4 × 3 factorial arrangement, with four doses of nitrogen (N) (without N application, 80, 160 or 320 kg/ha.year) and three plant densities (9, 25 or 49 plants/m2). Harvest was performed at 25 cm from the ground when the canopy intercepted 95% of the incident light. Rates of leaf appearance and pseudostem elongation were positively and linearly influenced by nitrogen, whereas phillochron and leaf life span were influenced linearly and negatively. Leaf elongation responded positively to two factors, whereas leaf senescence rate and number of live leaves were not influenced by the factors evaluated. Number of total, basal and aerial tillers were greater at the density of 9 plants/m2 and at the nitrogen dose of 320 kg/ha.year. Nitrogen increases production of leaves and tillers in Tanzania guinea grass defoliated at 95% of light interception, but high density of plants reduces the number of tiller per bunch.

Varietal Differences on Plant Regeneration by Tissue Culture in Mungbean Vigna radiata (L.) WILCZEK

Abstract: Plant regeneration in mungbean tissues were attained in stem, epicotyl sections with cut apex and cotyledon explants while shoots regenerated from leaf sections. Explants differed in hormonal requirements included in MS or B5 basal medium. Stem, leaf, and epicotyl explants required the addition of 0.2mg/l NAA and 1 or 2 mg/l kenetin or 6-BA at this optimum concentrations for the regeneration of plants or shoots in the case of leaf sections. The addition of auxin is unnecessary in plant regeneration from cotyledon cultures where-in plant regeneration occured only at the proximal ends. Addition of 1 or 2 mg/l kinetin or 6-BA and 100mg/l yeast extract proved sufficient for efficient plant regeneration. Regeneration ability in mungbean varied with the genotype in which different varieties interacted differently with regards to callus and plant morphology in a given hormone composition of a medium. Tissue culture gave rise to the production of somaclonal variants. Plant regeneration from callus however, appeared only among primary cultures.

Silphium trifoliatum L. – a new alternative cultivation herbal plant?

Abstract: Observations upon the growth and development of Silphium trifoliatum during the first three years of cultivation are presented. Plant morphology, green biomass production, and dry matter content were evaluated. Studies revealed that S. trifoliatum is easy to cultivate and up to 28.8 t/ha of biomass dry weight, on average, could be achieved. Thus, the plant could be potentially utilized for various purposes. Determinations of secondary metabolite contents (essential oil, flavonoids, oleanosides, and phenolic acids) were carried out using leaves, inflorescences, and rhizomes of Silphium trifoliatum during the ontogenesis stage. It was found that the plant's rhizomes contained the highest level of essential oils (up to 0.46% v/w), and thus, they are the most promising raw material. Leaves contained the highest level of flavonoids (up to 0.90%). However, oleanosides were present in greatest abundance in leaves at the budding stage (6.02%). Inflorescences were characterized by the largest amounts of p...