Plant morphology

About: Plant morphology is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1174 publications have been published within this topic receiving 24418 citations. The topic is also known as: phytomorphology & morphology of higher plants.

Morphological Classification of Traditional Philippine Upland Rice Cultivars in Upland Nurseries Using Cluster Analysis Methods for Recommendation, Breeding and Selection Purposes

Abstract: Using eight morphological parameters with six cluster analysis methods, a set of 21 traditional and four improved Philippine upland rice cultivars (cvs) could be separated into five groups: (1) improved semi-dwarf plant type, (2) improved or ‘moderately modified’ (short) Indica plant type, (3) traditional tall Indica plant type, (4) traditional tall Japonica plant type and (5) traditional short Japonica plant type. The results emphasized the importance of the separation into Indica and Japonica plant types, but the cultivars could be classified more accurately using growth characteristics such as tillering ability, followed by plant height and leaf area parameters. The clusters containing Indica cvs consistently showed a higher tiller number per plant, a higher growth stage (DC classification) and narrower leaves than clusters with Japonica cvs. The parameters culm length, plant height, leaf area, leaf length and width were represented in subgroups with both long and short expression of the respective characteristic. Use of the existing variability of morphological traits within the group of traditional upland rice cvs should be beneficial in recommendation, breeding, selection and development of upland rice cvs for the different rice ecosystems as well as for the upland rice/rice blast pathosystem.

CHARACTERIZATION OF LEAVES AND FRUITS OF MANGO (Mangifera indica L.) CV. IMBU

Abstract: Although mango is one of the tropical fruits of greater interest in the world trade, literature concerning their rootstocks (characteristics and utilization) is scarce. This study aimed to characterize mango plants from cv. Imbu, widely used as rootstock in the Zona da Mata region, State of Minas Gerais (MG), Brazil. Though fruits of this cultivar do not present desirable commercial characteristics, this study allowed us to characterize part of plant morphology and fill a gap in the literature, providing subsidies for future investigations. For such, 'Imbu' plants (˜ 4-years old) from the collection of the Universidade Federal de Vicosa, located in Vicosa -MG were evaluated. The descriptors were: (i) leaf blade division;(ii) leaf composition; (iii) petiole length in relation to leaf blade; (iv) phyllotaxis, (v) leaf position in relation to the branch insertion; (vi) leaf shape; (vii) leaf apex and base angles; (viii) leaf margin category; (ix) venation; (x) leaf length and thickness; (xi) leaf length/thickness ratio; (xii) leaf texture; (xiii) leaf fragrance; (xix) leaf color. The leaves were depicted as lanceolate, with entire margins and sharp angles at the base and apex of the leaf blade. The intensity of the green color of the leaf blade was considered intermediate and the abaxial surface staining showed less intense than that observed in the upper side. The fruits were processed and separated into peel, pulp and seeds in order to evaluate the flesh color, fresh weight and percentage of seeds, peel and pulp. It was determined the soluble solids content, starch concentration, the peel and the pulp color, the cerosity, the percentage evaluation of peel, pulp and seed and the pulp firmness. The average number of germinated seedlings per seed was estimated for 230 sown seeds.

Seed and seedling morphology, and seed anatomy of Lasiopetaleae (Malvaceae s.l. or Sterculiaceae)

Abstract: Seed and seedling morphology and seed anatomy of Lasiopetaleae sensu Whitlock et al. (Malvaceae s.l.) and related genera are described. All seed of Lasiopetaleae, except Maxwellia, have arils that develop adjacent to the funicle. Some species have flexible, stellate hairs on their seeds. Seed size, shape, aril form, presence of hair and exotesta pattern can be definitive at generic and/or specific levels.

Somaclonal Variation in Micropropagated Tulips as a Source of Novel Genotypes - Field and Molecular Characteristic

Abstract: Somaclonal variation (SV) was evaluated in tissue-culture (TC) derived plants of the tulip cultivar 'Giewont' and genotype "Bs6", the mutant selected from among the micropropagated plants of the cultivar 'Blue Parrot' in 2004. The plant material of both genotypes derived from the long-term cultures maintained in vitro for a period of 2, 4 or 6 years. The plants were planted outdoors in an insect-proof tunnel in 1999-2004. Phenotypic evaluation was done during the subsequent years of cultivation, in 2006 and 2007. The plants of the mutant "Bs6" have parrot flowers which are 1.5-2 cm longer with stems which are 7-10 cm longer than the original 'Blue Parrot' plants. Further the flower colour changed from purple-violet to red-purple. In 2008, selected "Bs6" true-to-type plants have given start new cultivar 'Agalia'. SV frequency in 'Giewont' and "Bs6" ranged from 5.9 to 15.3%, including 1.5-6.8% SV frequency resulted from instable variants, characterized with a flower fasciation or a partly green tepal, accreted with a last leaf. Some off-type plants of genotype "Bs6" had minor changes, i.e. the flower shape was altered to non-parrot type. Variants with major changes, having highly malformed flowers, occurred regularly in both genotypes. They had always leaves with thicken, vitreous venation. Such leaf malformation was also found within juvenile plants. Similar variants were previously observed in TC-derived plants of tulip 'Prominence'. DNA analysis of 'Giewont', "Bs6" and 'Prominence' variants (both the flowering and juvenile plants) with ISSR (inter simple sequence repeats) technique confirmed that the leaf malformation resulted from genetic changes. The results indicate that the trait of leaf thicken, vitreous venation can be considered as a morphological marker for early detecting the major genetic changes within juvenile plant material.