Showing papers on "Plant physiology published in 1972"

Alterations in growth and metabolism of potato plants by calcium deficiency

Abstract: Experiment in water culture was conducted to evaluate the calcium deficiency symptoms and their cause inSolanum tuberosum L var Chandramukhi Meristematic regions at stem and roots were severely affected and ultimately ceased to grow Plants remained stunted with few and smaller tubers Reducing sugar, non-reducing sugar and starch accumulated more in the leaves and stems and less in roots and tubers of calcium deficient plants Deficiency caused decrease in protein nitrogen, RNA, DNA and increase in soluble nitrogen in all the plant parts Potassium, phosphorus, calcium and sodium contents were lower and magnesium content higher in the deficient plant, than that of the healthy ones Morphological symptoms of calcium deficiency can be established by ionic balance and accumulation of oxalic acid in potato plants

A survey of anthocyanins in sprouting leaves of some Japanese angiosperms studies on anthocyanins, LXV

Abstract: Following some surveys of anthocyanins in the flowers, fruits and autumnal leaves of plants in the flora of Japan (Hayashi and Abe, 1935, 1955, 1956; Ueno, el al., 1969; Shibata, et al., 1967), an attempt has been made to clarify the nature of the red pigments appearing in the sprouting leaves of a variety of plants in early spring. This paper deals with the results of chromatographic analysis made on the sprouting leaves of 46 species belonging to 28 families in Angiospermae. Although most plants examined contained only chrysanthemin (cyanidin 3monoglucoside) in their sproutirtg leaves as in the autumnal reddening of leaves, other anthocyanins have also been found in several species, namely paeonidin glucoside hi Paeonia spp., and delphinidin derivatives in Nandina and Cayratia. Besides, it is noteworthy that the diglycoside type of cyanidin is sometimes found alone or in coulbination with chrysanthemin, e.g., in the genera Zelkova, Cercidiphyllum, Prunus, Punica and Viburnum, as seen from Table 2. Most of the plant materials were collected from March to May in the Senshun-en Garden of Tokyo Kyoiku University and the Botanical Garden of the University of Tokyo. Extracts from the fresh leaves were made with cold 1% MeOH-HC1, and a preliminary purification of anthoeyanins was made by large-scale paper chromatography using BuOH/HC1/H20 (7:2:5, v/v) and then AeOH/HC1/H20 (15:3:82, v/v). After acid hydrolysis of the anthocyanins thus separated, paper chromatography was applied for the identification of individual components, i.e., sugars (BuOH/Pyridine/H20 (6:3:1, v/v)) and organic acids (H~O/HCOOH/HCOONa (200 ml:2 m/:10 g) ). The identification of aglycones and original glycosides was made by the TLC method on a plate of mieroerystalline cellulose (Avieel) by careful comparison of these Rfvalues with those of the authentic samples, as shown in Table 1.

Activity of acid phosphatase (E.C.3.1.3.2.) in wheat seedlings associated with soil stress conditions

Abstract: Wheat seedlings grown in soil containing high levels of Na C1 or Na2CO3 showed more or less delay in germination, reduction in growth and dry matter accumulation accompanied with increased acid phosphatase (E.C.3.1.3.2) activity.

Callus formation in fern roots

Abstract: Although gametophytic calli of vascular cryptogams have been reported frequently, in vitro cultures of sporophytie tissues have been obtained on a few occasions only (Morel, 1950, 1956, 1963; Bristow, 1962; Kato, 1965; Peterson, 1967). In the present paper the isolation, growth, and differentiation of callus tissues originating from roots of Pteris vittata are briefly reported. As initial explants 1-3 cm root tips were excised from three month-old sporophytes cultured aseptically and were inoculated onto 100 ml-Erlenmeyer flasks containing a 50 ml culture medium. The optimal basal medium (determined previously) consisted of a modified Moore's medium of mineral salts (Kato, 1969), Nitseh's (1951) trace elements (1 ml/1), Murashige and Skoog's (1962) vitamin mixture, 1 mg/l 2,4--D and 2% sucrose. The media were usually sohdified with 0.8% Difeo bacto-agar and adjusted to pH 5.8 before steam-sterihzation. In order to control the differentiation of callus into leafy shoot, root (sporophytic tissue) or prothallus (gametophytic tissue), various media as indicated otherwise were employed. Callus was subeultured after 4 weeks' incubation at 25+2 C. Most cultures were maintained in the dark, but some were transferred under about 1,500 lux white light at the plant level. For comparison, callus cultures derived from leaves (Kato, 1965) and from mature prothalli (Kato, 1969) were also used. Gametophytic callus were cultured not only on the above medium but also on a basal nutrient medium containing 15% coconut milk. Leaf callus was grown on the same medium as the root callus. These calli were placed in a culture room receiving 1,500 lux white light. When explants were cultured on the basal medium in darkness, callus formation was induced on the cut surface or from the lateral side of the root (Fig. 3A). Jr minimum length of I cm is needed for callus induction. The growth of the callus was rather slow. Fig. 1 represents growth curves for the gametophy~ic callus from prothallus and sporophytic calli from leaf and root, respectively, on the same and different media. It is obvious from this figure that the growth of callus tissue from leaf was more vigorous than from root and the growth rate of sporophytic callus is considerably smaller than the gametophytic one. Many attempts to increase the total yield of root callus were made (e.g. the addition of yeast extract, casein hydrolysate or ldnetin), but these did not enhance their growth significantly. When slowly growing calli were transferred under continuous fight, they became brown and frequently were