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Plant physiology

About: Plant physiology is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1537 publications have been published within this topic receiving 72038 citations.


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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors introduced SmMYB1 into a non-anthocyanin-accumulating eggplant cultivar (Solanum aethiopicum group Gilo) via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation.
Abstract: Anthocyanins, natural pigments with high antioxidant activities, are widely distributed in the plant kingdom and play important roles in various physiological processes. Much effort has been committed to enhancing the anthocyanin content of these health-promoting pigments in vegetables and grains, for their eye-catching colors and special nutrients. Previously, we reported that the SmMYB1 gene encoding a R2R3 MYB transcription factor participated in the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in the peel of eggplant. In this work, we introduced SmMYB1 into a non-anthocyanin-accumulating eggplant cultivar (Solanum aethiopicum group Gilo) via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Genetically engineered plants exhibited high concentrations of anthocyanin in leaves, petals, stamens, and fruit peels under normal growth conditions, especially in fruit flesh. Furthermore, highly methylated anthocyanins, malvidin 3-(p-coumaroyl)rhamnoside(glucoside)-5-glucoside and malvidin 3-(feruloyl)rhamnoside(glucoside)-5-glucoside, were separated from the purple fruit flesh and identified by HPLC–ESI–MS/MS. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that most anthocyanin structural genes were dramatically up-regulated in the tissues of transgenic lines compared with non-transformed plants. In addition, the transgenic seedlings had greater tolerance to freezing stress and better recovery under rewarming conditions. These results provide a good foundation for the breeding of new eggplant cultivars with more healthy agronomic traits in future studies.

31 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, conditions which control the generation of adventitious buds from Cryptomeria hypocotyl cuttings in vitro with actions of abseisie acid (ABA), 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), and potassium naphthalene-l-acetate (NA) were investigated.
Abstract: Initiation of adventitious buds on cultured callus tissue, hypocotyl and young stem cuttings have been reported on hardwood trees, but similar reports on conifers have been meagre. The present paper deals with conditions which control generation of adventitious buds from Cryptomeria hypocotyl cuttings in vitro with actions of abseisie acid (ABA), 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and potassium naphthalene-l-acetate (NA). Cryptomeria hypocotyl cuttings were obtained from 2-week-old seedlings grown from seeds sown under aseptic conditions. The seeds were sterilized by a 0.2% aqueous solution of Uspulun* in a beaker on a slowly moving magnetic stirrer for 17 hr. In the first set of trials, basal medium 1 (Wolter and Skoog, 1966; Wolter, 1968) was tested. As for growth substances 0.02 mg/l NA or 1.0 mg/1 NA plus 0.1 mg/1 BAP was added. Even the basal medium 1 without any growth substances initiated adventitious buds at the rate of 12% per treatment (Fig. 1). By outward appearance, it was observed that buds were generated without internal callus formation, at least in this treatment. The medium containing 0.02 mg/l NA also induced bud formation and growth of buds (Fig. 2) at the rate of 17% per treatment. Root-like excrescences (Fig. 3) were initiated only in the medium in which the basal medium 1 was supplemented with 1.0 mg/1 NA plus 0.1 mg/1 BAP. Basal medium 2 used in the second set of trials consisted of the inorganic medium similar to the former supplemented with organic substances of Grinblat's medium (Grinblat, 1972). In addition, the growth substances BAP, ABA* or NA in malt extract (ME) were added in the concentrations listed in Table 1. Table 1 shows results of bud formation from upper segments of hypocotyl cuttings 3.5 months after explantation in the second set of trials. Explants were placed in a growth chamber at 25 C under light on a 14-hr day with fluorescent lamps at 1,900 lux or in the continuous dark. As shown in Table 1, an appreciable number of adventitious buds were generated under the illuminated conditions, especially on the medium containing ABA 1.0 mg/l, and according to the analysis of variance, a remarkable difference was obtained

30 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Preliminary evidence that the photoactivation of PEPC in C4 plants may be mediated at least partially by the modulation of cytosolic pH is provided.
Abstract: The rate and extent of light activation of PEPC may be used as another criterion to distinguish C3 and C4 plants. Light stimulated phosphoenolypyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) in leaf discs of C4 plants, the activity being three times greater than that in the dark but stimulation of PEPC was limited about 30% over the dark-control in C3 species. The light activation of PEPC in leaves of C3 plants was complete within 10 min, while maximum activation in C4 plants required illumination for more than 20 min, indicating that the relative pace of PEPC activation was slower in C4 plants than in C3 plants. Similarly, the dark-deactivation of the enzyme was also slower in leaves of C4 than in C3 species. The extent of PEPC stimulation in the alkaline pH range indicated that the dark-adapted form of the C4 enzyme is very sensitive to changes in pH. The pH of cytosol-enriched cell sap extracted from illuminated leaves of C4 plants was more alkaline than that of dark-adapted leaves. The extent of such light-dependent alkalization of cell sap was three times higher in C4 leaves than in C3 plants. The course of light-induced alkalization and dark-acidification of cytosol-enriched cell sap was markedly similar to the pattern of light activation and dark-deactivation of PEPC in Alternanthera pungens, a C4 plant. Our report provides preliminary evidence that the photoactivation of PEPC in C4 plants may be mediated at least partially by the modulation of cytosolic pH.

30 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of simulated acid rain on gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, and anti-oxidative enzyme activity in cucumber seedlings (Cucumis sativus L. cv. No. 4) were investigated.
Abstract: The effects of simulated acid rain on gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, and anti-oxidative enzyme activity in cucumber seedlings (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Jingchun No. 4) were investigated. Acid rain significantly reduced net photosynthetic rate and mainly non-stomatal factors contributed to the decrease of photosynthesis during the experimental period. The reduced photosynthesis was associated with a decreased maximal photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) and the average quantum yield of the photosystem 2 (PS2) reaction centres (ΦPS2). Meanwhile, acid rain significantly increased the activities of guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), but decreased the activity of catalase (CAT) together with an increased content of malonyldialdehyde (MDA), Hence the changes in photosynthesis in acid rain treatment might be a secondary effect of acidity damage probably due to lipid peroxidation of lipids and proteins in thylakoid membrane rather than direct effect on PS2 reaction centre.

30 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023218
2022445
202179
202069
201967
201869