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Plant physiology

About: Plant physiology is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1537 publications have been published within this topic receiving 72038 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: VOCs from beneficial root endophytic Serendipita spp.
Abstract: Rhizospheric microorganisms can alter plant physiology and morphology in many different ways including through the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Here we demonstrate that VOCs from beneficial root endophytic Serendipita spp. are able to improve the performance of in vitro grown Arabidopsis seedlings, with an up to 9.3-fold increase in plant biomass. Additional changes in VOC-exposed plants comprised petiole elongation, epidermal cell and leaf area expansion, extension of the lateral root system, enhanced maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), and accumulation of high levels of anthocyanin. Notwithstanding that the magnitude of the effects was highly dependent on the test system and cultivation medium, the volatile blends of each of the examined strains, including the references S. indica and S. williamsii, exhibited comparable plant growth-promoting activities. By combining different approaches, we provide strong evidence that not only fungal respiratory CO2 accumulating in the headspace, but also other volatile compounds contribute to the observed plant responses. Volatile profiling identified methyl benzoate as the most abundant fungal VOC, released especially by Serendipita cultures that elicit plant growth promotion. However, under our experimental conditions, application of methyl benzoate as a sole volatile did not affect plant performance, suggesting that other compounds are involved or that the mixture of VOCs, rather than single molecules, accounts for the strong plant responses. Using Arabidopsis mutant and reporter lines in some of the major plant hormone signal transduction pathways further revealed the involvement of auxin and cytokinin signaling in Serendipita VOC-induced plant growth modulation. Although we are still far from translating the current knowledge into the implementation of Serendipita VOCs as biofertilizers and phytostimulants, volatile production is a novel mechanism by which sebacinoid fungi can trigger and control biological processes in plants, which might offer opportunities to address agricultural and environmental problems in the future.

14 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors showed that the presence of light successfully induced seedling photomorphogenesis, including opened apical hook, inhibited hypocotyl elongation, opened and expanded cotyledons, and well developed roots.
Abstract: Light-induced photomorphogenesis is vital for plant growth and development. It was reported that secondary metabolites played an effective role during plant growth and tightly regulated by ambient light condition. However, the dynamic changes and possible functions of these compounds during photomorphogenesis were rarely reported. As one major class of secondary metabolites, terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs) dominate defense function and medicinal value in Catharanthus roseus. Here, the TIAs accumulations and their biosynthetic pathway gene expressions in light- and dark-grown seedlings were compared. Our results showed that the presence of light successfully induced seedling photomorphogenesis, including opened apical hook, inhibited hypocotyl elongation, opened and expanded cotyledons, and well developed roots. Generally, the contents of photosynthetic pigments and the ratio of chlorophyll a to b in cotyledons were continuously enhanced during this phase. Furthermore, light quickly activated the transcriptional expressions of the TIAs pathway enzymes and TIAs accumulations, namely tabersonine, catharanthine, vindoline, vinblastine and vincristine. Interestingly, these TIAs simultaneously peaked in the 3rd day after the cotyledons emerged out of growth substrate (DACE), exactly meeting the morphology of cotyledons opening. We propose that TIAs might play important roles for the cotyledons acclimatization to environmental illumination. Through scanning the absorption spectrums, TIAs showed strong absorptions in ultraviolet light. So we supposed that enhanced TIAs biosynthesis during photomorphogenesis might act as protective compounds to help the tender seedlings survive excessive light radiation.

14 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a pot experiment was carried out to investigate the response of the morphological parameters (plant height, root length, fresh and dry biomass), photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids and total pigments) and some organic properties (proline, total soluble sugar and total soluble nitrogen) of peppermint (Mentha arvensis L.) grain pre-soaked in SA (0.05 M) and grown under drought conditions.
Abstract: Background and Objective: The drought stress restricts the normal growth and development of plants. Salicylic acid (SA) is considered from the essential chemical compounds used to reduce the dangerous impacts of drought stress on plants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth attributes, some biochemical parameters of drought-stressed peppermint plants to salicylic acid application. Materials and Methods: A pot experiment was carried out to investigate the response of the morphological parameters (plant height, root length fresh and dry biomass), photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids and total pigments) and some organic osmolytes (proline, total soluble sugar and total soluble nitrogen) of peppermint (Mentha arvensis L.) grain pre-soaked in SA (0.05 M) and grown under drought conditions. Results: The data obtained in this study showed that drought stress significantly caused a massive reduction in the growth parameters and photosynthetic pigments but caused a remarkable increase in the root length and the organic osmolytes. Furthermore, the application of SA neutralized the reverse impacts of drought stress on the peppermint plant. The highest values of all the measured parameters were observed with droughted and nondroughted plants treated with SA. Conclusion: In general, results showed that water stress caused negative impacts on peppermint plant growth which was mitigated by the salicylic acid pre-soaking which was accompanying with some significant modification in some physiological processes. Moreover, these findings indicate that salicylic acid can be used to enhance the drought-tolerance in peppermint plant.

14 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of foliar applied H2O2 on chlorophyll, carotenoids, the non-enzymatic defense system (ascorbic acid), malondialdehyde (MDA) hydrogen peroxide (H2O 2) and growth were assessed in roots and shoots of pea (Pisum sativum L.) plants exposed to excess cadmium.
Abstract: The effects of foliar applied H2O2 on chlorophyll, carotenoids, the non-enzymatic defense system (ascorbic acid), malondialdehyde (MDA) hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and growth were assessed in roots and shoots of pea (Pisum sativum L.) plants exposed to excess cadmium. In addition, we evaluated the influences of H2O2 spraying on proline, soluble sugars and soluble proteins contents. Excessive cadmium treatment caused reduction in the growth parameters (dry mass, pods and seeds dry weights), chlorophyll and carotenoids contents, roots total free amino acids, roots soluble sugars as well as shoots and roots soluble proteins levels but increased total free amino acids and soluble sugars contents in shoots. Concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and MDA was enhanced under Cd treatment. The foliar treatment of H2O2 alleviated the detrimental effects generated under Cd treatment that represented as increment in pea growth. H2O2 spraying increased photosynthetic pigments, growth characteristics, soluble proteins, and ascorbic acid contents comparing to the control sets not receiving H2O2. Similarly, a higher up-regulation was detected in proline contents of Cd + H2O2 set than Cd group ones at 0.25 mM Cd. Contrarily, malondialdehyde (MDA), soluble sugars and total free amino acids contents of Cd + H2O2 set revealed a lower decrease than Cd group ones especially in roots. The results demonstrated that H2O2 treatment could inverse the harmful effects of cadmium on growth, through inducing the non-enzymatic defense system (ascorbate), proline accumulation, maintenance of chlorophyll in pea leaves and lowering the intensity of H2O2 and lipid peroxidation (MDA).

14 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied CO2 exchange and phenolic compound production in various organs of unhardened and hardened winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants.
Abstract: We studied CO2 exchange and phenolic compound production in various organs of unhardened and hardened winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants. The rates of CO2 assimilation at saturating illumination (photosynthesis) and CO2 evolution in darkness (respiration) declined substantially at the autumnal decrease of ambient temperature. However, because of a higher cold resistance of photosynthesis, the ratio of photosynthesis to respiration rates increased 1.5-fold. These gas exchange changes were accompanied by the accumulation of total soluble phenolics in leaves and a polymeric phenolic compound lignin in roots. We did not observe any changes in the production of either soluble or polymeric (lignin) phenolics in crowns.

14 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023218
2022445
202179
202069
201967
201869