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Plant physiology

About: Plant physiology is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1537 publications have been published within this topic receiving 72038 citations.


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TL;DR: It is suggested that exogenous Spd could effectively accelerate nitrate transformation into amino acids and improve cucumber plant photosynthesis and C assimilation, thereby enhancing the ability of the plants to maintain their C/N balance, and eventually promote the growth of cucumber plants under Ca(NO3)2 stress.
Abstract: Ca(NO3)2 stress is one of the most serious constraints to plants production and limits the plants growth and development. Application of polyamines is a convenient and effective approach for enhancing plant salinity tolerance. The present investigation aimed to discover the photosynthetic carbon-nitrogen (C-N) mechanism underlying Ca(NO3)2 stress tolerance by spermidine (Spd) of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Jinyou No. 4). Seedling growth and photosynthetic capacity [including net photosynthetic rate (P N), stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), and transpiration rate (Tr)] were significantly inhibited by Ca(NO3)2 stress (80 mM). However, a leaf-applied Spd (1 mM) treatment alleviated the reduction in growth and photosynthesis in cucumber caused by Ca(NO3)2 stress. Furthermore, the application of exogenous Spd significantly decreased the accumulation of NO3 (-) and NH4 (+) caused by Ca(NO3)2 stress and remarkably increased the activities of N metabolism enzymes simultaneously. In addition, photosynthesis N-use efficiency (PNUE) and free amino acids were significantly enhanced by exogenous Spd in response to Ca(NO3)2 stress, thus promoting the biosynthesis of N containing compounds and soluble protein. Also, the amounts of several carbohydrates (including sucrose, fructose and glucose), total C content and the C/N radio increased significantly in the presence of Spd. Based on our results, we suggest that exogenous Spd could effectively accelerate nitrate transformation into amino acids and improve cucumber plant photosynthesis and C assimilation, thereby enhancing the ability of the plants to maintain their C/N balance, and eventually promote the growth of cucumber plants under Ca(NO3)2 stress.

12 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Chao Jin1, Jing Ji1, Qing Zhao1, Ran Ma1, Chunfeng Guan1, Gang Wang1 
TL;DR: Results demonstrated that the salt tolerance of LclycB might be ascribed to the enhanced carotenoid content for its ROS scavenging ability, photoprotection and membrane stabilization.
Abstract: Salt stress is a principal cause for yield reduction in crops. In plants, carotenoids are involved in abiotic stress resistance, while the underlying mechanisms for that have not been identified. In this study, the lycopene β-cyclase (LclycB) gene of Lycium chinense was identified to be related to salt stress and was found to have the highest expression level in leaves through quantitative RT-PCR. The coding region of this gene was obtained through reverse transcription-PCR. The function of LclycB was confirmed in vitro with an Escherichia coli expression system. To study the function of LclycB, it was transformed into tobacco and maintained till T2 generation. Four-week old transgenic plants treated with 150 mM NaCl showed enhanced tolerance to oxidation and less reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. Eight-week old transgenic plants treated with NaCl showed better growth than the control with higher photosystem activity and total antioxidants activity. The detection of photosynthetic pigments demonstrated that the transgenic plants retained higher contents of chlorophyll and carotenoids than the control under normal and salt-treated conditions. Furthermore, the thylakoid structure of chloroplast was notably disorganized in WT leaves compare to that of transformants by electron microscopy. Although carotenoid is the precursor of abscisic acid (ABA),the ABA content and stomatal conductance reflect nearly no differences between transgenic and control plants. These results demonstrated that the salt tolerance of LclycB might be ascribed to the enhanced carotenoid content for its ROS scavenging ability, photoprotection and membrane stabilization.

12 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Analysis of the effect of expressing E2FB in tomato indicates that the rate of cell proliferation and differentiation is important for tomato development and that cell cycle genes are good candidates to manipulate to improve crop productivity.
Abstract: Cell division and plant development are two interconnected and dependent processes. Nowadays, the sequencing of plant genomes has allowed the identification of the majority of cell cycle regulators. However, the function of many of these cell cycle genes remains unclear. At present, the majority of cell cycle studies have been focused on the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. In this model plant, the cell cycle transcription factor E2FB acts as positive regulator of cell proliferation. In this work we analyzed the effect of expressing E2FB in tomato. E2FB-expressing plants show reduced levels of cell cycle genes in mature leaves and grow and develop faster than wild type (wt). E2FBOE plants flower significantly earlier than wt and produce more and bigger fruits, with the total fruit yield significantly higher in E2FBOE than in wt plants. Taken together, our data indicate that the rate of cell proliferation and differentiation is important for tomato development and that cell cycle genes are good candidates to manipulate to improve crop productivity.

12 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This study provides an applicable approach for the mutant screening of drought resistant plants, and the results suggest a crucial function of ethylene in plant drought tolerance.
Abstract: Drought is one of the major environmental stresses that profoundly affect crop growth and yield. The gaseous hormone ethylene is believed to be critical for plant growth and drought tolerance. Based on the dark-grown seedling response to ethylene, a genetic screen for tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) mutants on medium supplemented with ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid), the precursor of ethylene, was performed. Among the ethylene insensitive mutants that were isolated, drought resistant mutants were subsequently obtained via screening on mannitol-containing medium. Phenotypic analyses revealed that these mutants exhibited enhanced drought resistance, having a higher percentage survival rate under conditions of severe water deficit, and better growth under mannitol osmotic stress. In the mutants, the leaf water loss rate was lowered and the leaf stomatal aperture was decreased. In addition, increases in peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities and a higher accumulation of total soluble sugar and proline were detected in the mutant plants. The corresponding expression change of tobacco NtAP2 (APETALA2 in Nicotiana tabacum, homologous with AtAP2 from Arabidopsis thaliana) and NtERF (ethylene response factor in N. tabacum) genes was examined in the plants in response to air-drying treatments. Our study provides an applicable approach for the mutant screening of drought resistant plants, and the results suggest a crucial function of ethylene in plant drought tolerance.

12 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023218
2022445
202179
202069
201967
201869