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Plant physiology
About: Plant physiology is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1537 publications have been published within this topic receiving 72038 citations.
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TL;DR: In this article, the effect of BRs on photosynthesis under normal as well as stressful conditions is discussed. But the authors focus on the negative effects of BR on the photosynthesis and its related attributes.
Abstract: Brassinosteroids (BRs) regarded as plant hormone are a class of naturally occurring polyhydroxylated sterol derivatives present in all plant species. Overall growth of the plant relies on the very basic and important process of photosynthesis. BRs are found capable of preventing the loss of photosynthetic pigments either by activating or inducing the synthesis of enzymes involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis. BRs play important role in maintaining PS II efficiency by stabilizing D1 protein. It overcomes the stomatal limitations and elevates the efficiency of photosynthetic carbon fixation. BRs also act at various levels of light and dark reactions leading to enhanced carbohydrate synthesis. Therefore, it becomes important to focus and collect information related to various effects of BRs on photosynthesis and its related attributes. The present review deals with the effect of BRs on photosynthesis under normal as well as stressful conditions.
82 citations
TL;DR: Paclobutrazol (PBZ) is one of the members of triazole family having growth regulating property as discussed by the authors, and it is used to provide plant protection against numerous abiotic stresses such as chilling, water deficit stress, flooding and salinity.
Abstract: Paclobutrazol [(2RS, 3RS)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4, 4-dimethyl-2-(1H-1, 2, 4-trizol-1-yl)-pentan-3-ol], is one of the members of triazole family having growth regulating property. The growth regulating properties of paclobutrazol are mediated by changes in the levels of important plant hormones including the gibberellins (GAs), abscisic acid (ABA) and cytokinins (CK). Paclobutrazol (PBZ) affects the isoprenoid pathway, and alters the levels of plant hormones by inhibiting gibberellin synthesis and increasing cytokinins level. When gibberellins synthesis is inhibited, more precursors in the terpenoid pathway accumulate and that resulted to the production of abscisic acid. PBZ has been used to provide plant protection against numerous abiotic stresses such as chilling, water deficit stress, flooding and salinity. Paclobutrazol acts as stress protectant by maintaining relative water content, membrane stability index, photosynthetic activity, photosynthetic pigments and protects the photosynthetic machinery by enhancing the level of osmolytes, antioxidant activities and level of endogenous hormones and thereby enhances the yield.
81 citations
TL;DR: The effects of salinity (400 mM NaCl) on growth, biomass partitioning, photosynthesis, and leaf ultrastructure were studied in hydroponically grown plants of Aeluropus littoralis and mesophyll chloroplasts were more sensitive to salt treatment than those of bundle sheath cells.
Abstract: The effects of salinity (400 mM NaCl) on growth, biomass partitioning, photosynthesis, and leaf ultrastructure were studied in hydroponically grown plants of Aeluropus littoralis (Willd) Parl. NaCl produced a significant inhibition of the main growth parameters and a reduction in leaf gas exchange (e.g. decreased rates of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance). However, NaCl salinity affected neither the composition of photosynthesis pigments nor leaf water content. The reduction in leaf gas exchange seemed to correlate with a decrease in mesophyll thickness as well as a severe disorganisation of chloroplast structure, with misshapen chloroplasts and dilated thylakoid membranes. Conspicuously, mesophyll chloroplasts were more sensitive to salt treatment than those of bundle sheath cells. The effects of NaCl toxicity on leaf structure and ultrastructure and the associated physiological implications are discussed in relation to the degree of salt resistance of A. littoralis.
81 citations
TL;DR: It was found that enhanced UVB and water stress adversely affected B. napus seedlings and interaction between these two factors affected plant performance, but ABA had little significant role.
81 citations
TL;DR: The results of this study suggest that B. methylotrophicus KE2 application to soil helps to increase the plant growth and food values of lettuce.
81 citations