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Plant physiology
About: Plant physiology is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1537 publications have been published within this topic receiving 72038 citations.
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TL;DR: Investigation at whole plant level by treatment of Catharanthus roseus with gibberellic acid revealed that 14C distribution in leaf, stem, and root of treated plants was higher than in untreated and variations were observed in contents of metabolites as sugars, amino acids, and organic acids.
Abstract: Changes in growth parameters, carbon assimilation efficiency, and utilization of 14CO2 assimilate into alkaloids in plant parts were investigated at whole plant level by treatment of Catharanthus roseus with gibberellic acid (GA). Application of GA (1 000 g m−3) resulted in changes in leaf morphology, increase in stem elongation, leaf and internode length, plant height, and decrease in biomass content. Phenotypic changes were accompanied by decrease in contents of chlorophylls and in photosynthetic capacity. GA application resulted in higher % of total alkaloids accumulated in leaf, stem, and root. GA treatment produced negative phenotypic response in total biomass production but positive response in content of total alkaloids in leaf, stem, and roots. 14C assimilate partitioning revealed that 14C distribution in leaf, stem, and root of treated plants was higher than in untreated and variations were observed in contents of metabolites as sugars, amino acids, and organic acids. Capacity to utilize current fixed 14C derived assimilates for alkaloid production was high in leaves but low in roots of treated plants despite higher content of 14C metabolites such as sugars, amino acids, and organic acids. In spite of higher availability of metabolites, their utilization into alkaloid production is low in GA-treated roots.
63 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of polystyrene microplastics (PS-beads) on the soil properties, photosynthesis of Flowering Chinese cabbage, the rhizosphere microbial community and their potential correlation in soil with different residues were investigated.
Abstract: To investigate the effects of polystyrene microplastics (PS-beads) on the soil properties, photosynthesis of Flowering Chinese cabbage, the rhizosphere microbial community and their potential correlation in soil with different residues. The influences of PS-beads (PS-MPs, M1, 5 μm; PS-NPs, M2, 70 nm) on the plant photosynthesis and growth parameters, soil dissolved organic matter (DOM) and the characteristic functional groups, the microbial community and metabolism prediction were studied by a pot-experiment in soil without residues (N), with biochar (B), degradable mulching film (DMF) fragments (D), or biochar and DMF (BD). Chlorophyll a was more susceptible to the exogenous substances than Chlorophyll b. In soil with different residues, PS-beads of different sizes could change different components, structures and functional groups in aromatic rings of DOM, might further change the microbial community and metabolism. M2 decreased TDN and NO3− and increased the weight of the plant in group D. M2 increased the weight of the plant in group N. M2 decreased the net photosynthetic rate in group B. The different sizes of PS-beads affected the different parameters of plant growth and potentially changed the plant growth and photosynthetic parameters through altering the microbial metabolism and the correlation among microbes. The potential mechanisms of PS-beads changing the plant growth were different in soil with different residues. Our results evidenced the PS-beads potentially changed the plant growth and photosynthesis by changing the microbial metabolism and the correlation among microbes.
63 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that ectomycorrhiza formation may have a detrimental rather than a beneficial effect on plants’ productivity during their establishment and early developmental stages, and that this depends on the amount of N available to the plant, on the nutritional status and on the age of the plant.
Abstract: In this work we evaluate whether the effect of ectomycorrhiza in the early developmental stages of symbiosis establishment is detrimental or beneficial to plant productivity and whether this effect is dependent on either N nutrition or plant age. Groups of Pinus pinaster L. plants with different ages and nutritional status were inoculated with alive or dead Pisolithus tinctorius. The plants were fed with either 1.9 mM or 3.8 mM ammonium as N source. Ectomycorrhiza establishment was monitored until 1 month after the inoculation through daily chlorophyll a fluorescence measurements and the analysis of fast fluorescence kinetics O-J-I-P, biomass increment and photosynthesis. Our results show that plants react differently to ectomycorrhiza formation depending on their age (stage of development, leaf area), their initial nutritional status, and the amount of nitrogen supplied. Mycorrhiza formation was found to constitute a stress depending on the plants' age. Increased availability of N softened or eliminated the negative impact of mycorrhiza formation. Only younger plants eventually developed a higher net photosynthesis rate when mycorrhizal. It is concluded that ectomycorrhiza formation may have a detrimental rather than a beneficial effect on plants' productivity during their establishment and early developmental stages, and that this depends on the amount of N available to the plant, on the nutritional status and on the age of the plant. Chlorophyll a fluorescence measurements proved to be a non-destructive, non-invasive and reliable tool able to identify the first signals of plant-mycorrhiza fungi interactions.
63 citations
TL;DR: Differences in photosynthetic types of leaves and cotyledons may be used as a basis or studies of the origin and evolution of C4 photosynthesis in the family Chenopodiaceae are suggested.
Abstract: Most species of the genus Salsola (Chenopodiaceae) that have been examined exhibit C4 photosynthesis in leaves Four Salsola species from Central Asia were investigated in this study to determine the structural and functional relationships in photosynthesis of cotyledons compared to leaves, using anatomical (Kranz versus non-Kranz anatomy, chloroplast ultrastructure) and biochemical (activities of photosynthetic enzymes of the C3 and C4 pathways, 14C labeling of primary photosynthesis products and 13C/12C carbon isotope fractionation) criteria The species included S paulsenii from section Salsola, S richteri from section Coccosalsola, S laricina from section Caroxylon, and S gemmascens from section Malpigipila The results show that all four species have a C4 type of photosynthesis in leaves with a Salsoloid type Kranz anatomy, whereas both C3 and C4 types of photosynthesis were found in cotyledons S paulsenii and S richteri have NADP- (NADP-ME) C4 type biochemistry with Salsoloid Kranz anatomy in both leaves and cotyledons In S laricina, both cotyledons and leaves have NAD-malic enzyme (NAD-ME) C4 type photosynthesis; however, while the leaves have Salsoloid type Kranz anatomy, cotyledons have Atriplicoid type Kranz anatomy In S gemmascens, cotyledons exhibit C3 type photosynthesis, while leaves perform NAD-ME type photosynthesis Since the four species studied belong to different Salsola sections, this suggests that differences in photosynthetic types of leaves and cotyledons may be used as a basis or studies of the origin and evolution of C4 photosynthesis in the family Chenopodiaceae
62 citations