Showing papers on "Plasmon published in 1983"
TL;DR: The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is a new optical technique in the field of chemical sensing as discussed by the authors, which can be used for gas detection, together with results from exploratory experiments with relevance to biosensing.
2,243 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the field lines of the Poynting vector in the vicinity of a small sphere illuminated by a plane wave are shown to absorb more than the light incident on it.
Abstract: A particle can indeed absorb more than the light incident on it. Metallic particles at ultraviolet frequencies are one class of such particles and insulating particles at infrared frequencies are another. In the former strong absorption is associated with excitation of surface plasmons; in the latter it is associated with excitation of surface phonons. In both instances the target area a particle presents to incident light can be much greater than its geometrical cross‐sectional area. This is strikingly evident from the field lines of the Poynting vector in the vicinity of a small sphere illuminated by a plane wave.
270 citations
TL;DR: The angular widths of the observed resonance in silver and aluminum films are both reduced by over an order of magnitude relative to that associated with the Kretschmann excited mode.
Abstract: We report the first observation to our knowledge of a sharp minimum in the attenuated total reflectivity of a thin metal film between index-matching layers. The resonance is due to the excitation of the long-range surface-plasmon mode on both sides of the thin metal films, as originally discussed by Sarid [Phys. Rev. Lett. 47, 1927 (1981)]. The angular widths of the observed resonance in silver and aluminum films are both reduced by over an order of magnitude relative to that associated with the Kretschmann excited mode.
167 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a quantum mechanical method based on the Kramers-Heisenberg dispersion relation is used to evaluate the dielectric response of small metal particles, and thereby to determine the influence of particle size on the widths of the plasmon resonance line shapes.
Abstract: A quantum mechanical method based on the Kramers–Heisenberg dispersion relation is used to evaluate the dielectric response of small metal particles, and thereby to determine the influence of particle size on the widths of the plasmon resonance line shapes. Several different particle shapes are considered (sphere, cylinder, rectangular prism, spherical shell, and cylindrical shell) and for each shape a free electron Schrodinger equation is used to determine conduction band energies and dipole matrix elements. The main emphasis in this work is on particle sizes large enough that only the first order deviations from the infinite size limit are important, and for such sizes we find that the size dependent contribution to the width can be expressed in terms of an effective length Leff. This effective length is found to depend on the direction of the external field relative to the particle symmetry axes, and on the shape of the particle. For compact shapes, Leff is accurately approximated by 0.65 Lav along eac...
156 citations
TL;DR: The propagation and attenuation constants of long-range surface-plasmon polaritons propagating on thin metal films have been measured for several film thicknesses by using a hemispherical retroreflecting coupler in agreement with theoretical dispersion curves.
Abstract: The propagation and attenuation constants of long-range surface-plasmon polaritons propagating on thin metal films have been measured for several film thicknesses by using a hemispherical retroreflecting coupler The results are in agreement with our theoretical dispersion curves, which predict that the attenuation constant of this mode can decrease by a factor of 63 relative to that obtained with a thick metal film
126 citations
TL;DR: Surface-plasmon polaritons guided by thin, lossy metallic films bounded by dissimilar dielectric media are investigated, and new solutions to the dispersion relation are found, representing waves that are leaky in one of the dielectrics.
Abstract: Surface-plasmon polaritons guided by thin, lossy metallic films bounded by dissimilar dielectric media are investigated. New solutions to the dispersion relation are found, representing waves that are leaky (radiative) in one of the dielectrics. The new waves are interpreted in terms of the coupling of a damped surface plasmon at one interface with continuum modes at the other. Their excitation by end-fire coupling techniques is suggested.
91 citations
TL;DR: The observation of coherent backscattering of optical second-harmonic generation that is due to excitation of the long-range surface plasmon mode at a silver-quartz interface with a peak-to-background ratio of greater than 2 is seen.
Abstract: The first observation of enhanced optical second-harmonic generation due to excitation of the long-range surface plasmon is reported. When the fundamental mode of this plasmon is excited on both surfaces of a thin silver film bounded by a nonlinear quartz crystal and an index-matched liquid, the harmonic generation is over 2 orders of magnitude larger than that due to a single-boundary surface plasmon. Nonlinear excitation of the harmonic long-range surface-plasmon mode is also observed.
83 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe the coupling between radiation and confined (guided wave or surface plasmon) modes in the presence of an intensity-dependent index of refraction and find that under certain conditions, the addition of the nonlinear index drastically alters the coupling and gives rise to the possibility of optical switching.
Abstract: Equations are developed which describe the coupling between radiation and confined (guided wave or surface plasmon) modes in the presence of an intensity‐dependent index of refraction. Solutions are presented for three numerical examples and comparisons are made with asymptotic solutions. We find that under certain conditions, the addition of the nonlinear index drastically alters the coupling and gives rise to the possibility of optical switching. Experimental parameters for optimizing such switching are discussed.
73 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, angle-integrated electron energy loss spectroscopy, LEED, AES, Δφ and core-level excitations as a function of K coverage were studied.
69 citations
Patent•
19 Apr 1983TL;DR: In this paper, power is extracted from plasmons, photons, or other guided electromagnetic waves at infrared to mid-ultraviolet frequencies by inelastic tunneling in metal-insulator-semiconductor-metal diodes.
Abstract: Power is extracted from plasmons, photons, or other guided electromagnetic waves at infrared to mid-ultraviolet frequencies by inelastic tunneling in metal-insulator-semiconductor-metal diodes Inelastic tunneling produces power by absorbing plasmons to pump electrons to higher potential Specifically, an electron from a semiconductor layer absorbs a plasmon and simultaneously tunnels across an insulator into a metal layer which is at higher potential The diode voltage determines the fraction of energy extracted from the plasmons; any excess is lost to heat
68 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a glass prism-index matching oil-Ag-CaF 2 single crystal was used to observe long-range surface plasmon polaritons discussed recently by Sarid.
Abstract: ATR technique (glass prism-index matching oil-Ag-CaF 2 single crystal) has been used to observe long-range surface plasmon polaritons discussed recently by Sarid. At 632.8 nm, we have successfully observed the sturface plasmon polaritons in the propagation distance of 105 µm.
TL;DR: In this article, measurements of the low-energy satellites of the core X-ray photoemission lines of silver and gold are presented, and the results are compared with electron energy loss spectra and dielectric measurements.
Abstract: Measurements of the low-energy satellites of the core X-ray photoemission lines of silver and gold are presented. The results are compared with electron energy loss spectra and dielectric measurements. Interpretation of the results on the basis of plasmon excitation is given and compared with earlier interpretations.
TL;DR: The GaAs planar-doped barrier (PDB) transistor as discussed by the authors is an MBE-grown structure which employs two unipolar homo junction barriers, one barrier, the emitter, injects energetic electrons into a thin n-type base region where these electrons are intended to experience negligible energy relaxation and thereby surmount the second (collector) barrier.
Abstract: The GaAs planar-doped barrier (PDB) transistor is an MBE-grown structure which employs two unipolar homo junction barriers One barrier, the emitter, injects energetic electrons into a thin n-type base region where these electrons are intended to experience negligible energy relaxation and thereby surmount the second (collector) barrier Maximum common-base current gain or α values of 075 have been obtained at 77 K in experimental devices with base widths of 870 A Microwave measurements from 2 to 18 GHz on these devices imply a unity common-emitter current gain frequency f T of ∼ 40 GHz The observed α values in other devices are unfortunately lower than those predicted by recent Monte Carlo simulations, and an unexpectedly strong dependence of α on ambient electron density in the base is noted These are attributed to the previously overlooked electron scattering with coupled plasmon-optical phonon modes, and to electron-electron scattering These scattering mechanisms must be included in any accurate model of energetic electron transport in GaAs in regions where the concentration of cooler ambient electrons is above 1017cm-3
01 Jan 1983
TL;DR: Taking into account the penetrable property of metallic gratings, the Smith-Purcell radiation problem is solved and it is shown that when the surface plasmon mode is excited, maximum radiation occurs.
Abstract: Taking into account the penetrable property of metallic gratings, the Smith-Purcell radiation problem is solved and it is shown that when the surface plasmon mode is excited, maximum radiation occurs.
TL;DR: In this paper, the surface plasmon polaritons are guided by symmetric double metal film structures, with particular attention given to the attenuation of the two long-range modes that occur.
Abstract: Surface polaritons guided by symmetric double metal film structures are analyzed, with particular attention given to the attenuation of the two long-range modes that occur. It is found that long-range surface plasmon polariton modes do exist for double electrode structures over a limited range of material parameters. Guided by thin metal electrodes, surface plasmon polaritons can achieve millimeter plus propagation distances in the near infrared. It is pointed out that if the slab is electrooptic, then very low voltages will be needed to manipulate the waves. The fact that long-range modes exist simultaneously with junction tunnel plasmons may be of use in providing directional radiation from light-emitting junctions or the inverse process of light to electrical energy conversion.
TL;DR: In this article, the Golden Rule formulation was used to model the process of photoemission and the final-state wave function corresponding to the photoemitted electron leaving a plasmon excited in the solid was found using perturbation theory.
Abstract: The apparent suppression of plasmon satellites in core-level photoemission at low electron kinetic energy is studied. The process of photoemission is studied in the Golden Rule formulation, and the final-state wavefunction corresponding to the photoemitted electron leaving a plasmon excited in the solid is found using perturbation theory. It is found that interference between intrinsic and extrinsic excitation suppresses the long-wavelength surface and bulk plasmon excitation, but the shorter-wavelength plasmons are still excited even at low electron kinetic energies. However the satellites are featureless and are probably lost in the background until the electron kinetic energy is about 40 eV, with parameters appropriate to Al. Subtracting the featureless 'background', total satellite intensities of 14% for the surface plasmons and 31% for the bulk plasmons are obtained, at an electron kinetic energy of 100 eV.
IBM1
TL;DR: In this paper, a study of surface plasmon excitation on the flat, oxide-covered aluminum surface, using high energy electrons which pass the surface at a finite, and sometimes large, impact parameter is presented.
TL;DR: In this article, the surface steps were found to give characteristics contrast due to several diffraction effects, one of which is interference between the Bragg (B) and Bragg-Laue (BL) reflected beam at a step edge.
TL;DR: In this paper, the application of high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HRELS) to the study of low energy excitations on semiconductor surfaces is discussed, and examples are presented for the excitation of surface phonons and plasmons, intra-and interband scattering as well as for adsorbate vibrations.
30 Nov 1983
TL;DR: In this paper, the feasibility of solar energy conversion using surface plasmons is reviewed, with a focus on inelastic-tunnel-diode techniques for power extraction.
Abstract: NASA research on the feasibility of solar-energy conversion using surface plasmons is reviewed, with a focus on inelastic-tunnel-diode techniques for power extraction. The need for more efficient solar converters for planned space missions is indicated, and it is shown that a device with 50-percent efficiency could cost up to 40 times as much per sq cm as current Si cells and still be competitive. The parallel-processing approach using broadband carriers and tunable diodes is explained, and the physics of surface plasmons on metal surfaces is outlined. Technical problems being addressed include phase-matching sunlight to surface plasmons, minimizing ohmic losses and reradiation in energy transport, coupling into the tunnels by mode conversion, and gaining an understanding of the tunnel-diode energy-conversion process. Diagrams illustrating the design concepts are provided.
TL;DR: In this paper, an analytical expression for the surface scattering contribution to the width of plasmon resonances in spheroidally shaped metal particles is derived, compared with analogous quantum-mechanical expressions.
TL;DR: In this paper, an analytic approximation for the shifted band gap and for the exchange-correlation energy of excited semiconductors at low temperatures was derived from a suitable plasmon-pole model.
TL;DR: In this paper, a photoacoustic method was used to measure the absorption of a 520-line/mm silver-coated diffraction grating with respect to the angle of ruling orientation relative to the plane of photon incidence.
Abstract: Plasmon resonance absorption in a 520-line/mm silver-coated diffraction grating was measured as a function of the angle of ruling orientation relative to the plane of photon incidence by a photoacoustic method. The experimental results of absorptance changes as a function of ruling orientation were found to be consistent with predictions from the first-order perturbation theory for roughness-induced photoabsorption. A discrepancy was found, however, between the absorptance values observed and the values calculated from the first-order theory.
TL;DR: In this paper, a new exact closed-form expression was given for the random-phase approximation of longitudinal polarizability function of a two-dimensional electron gas in a magnetic field, and detailed approximations were given for several limiting cases.
Abstract: A new exact closed-form expression is given for the random-phase-approximation longitudinal polarizability function of a two-dimensional electron gas in a magnetic field. Detailed approximations are given for several limiting cases. Static screening and the nonretarded plasmon dispersion relation are examined in detail.
TL;DR: Collective intersubband plasmon-like excitations are predicted to exist for a semiconductor superlattice as discussed by the authors, which arise because the single quantum well depolarization shifted inter-band excitation couples via the long-range Coulomb interaction with the corresponding excitations of the other quantum wells of the superlatinice.
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that air gaps of 50 A and less in a symmetric dielectric metal film dielectrics lead to mode cutoff for long range surface plasmons.
Abstract: We show that air gaps of 50 A and less in a symmetric dielectric‐metal film‐dielectric structure lead to mode cutoff for long range surface plasmons High index liquids are discussed as a solution to this problem for most cases
TL;DR: In this article, surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) due to charge transfer interactions between the adsorbed molecule and the metal surface is analyzed using the semi-empirical Wolfsberg-Helmholz method to relate the molecule surface interactions and the resulting charge transfer states to the overlap integrals between the metal conduction-band orbitals and an acceptor or donor molecular orbital of the molecule.
TL;DR: In this article, the dispersion of plasmon surface polaritons (PSPs) and its dependence on the overcoatings were determined by reflection and luminescence measurements, and the high field of the PSP was used to enhance the Raman spectra of cadmium arachidate layers.
Patent•
19 Apr 1983
TL;DR: Sunlight is dispersed over a diffraction grating formed on the surface of a conducting film on a substrate, and angular dispersion controls the effective grating period so that a matching spectrum of surface plasmons is excited for parallel processing on the conducting film.
Abstract: Sunlight is dispersed over a diffraction grating (12) formed on the surface of a conducting film (14) on a substrate (16). The angular dispersion controls the effective grating period so that a matching spectrum of surface plasmons (18) is excited for parallel processing on the conducting film. The resulting surface plasmons (18) carry energy to an array (20) of inelastic tunnel diodes. This solar energy converter does not require different materials for each frequency band, and sunlight is directly converted to electricity in an efficient manner by extracting more energy from the more energetic photons.