Topic
Poison control
About: Poison control is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 394709 publications have been published within this topic receiving 15781638 citations.
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TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the family literature on domestic violence suggests that two broad themes of the 1990s provide the most promising directions for the future: the importance of distinctions among types or contexts of violence, and issues of control, although most visible in the feminist literature that focuses on men using violence to control women, also arise in other contexts, calling for more general analyses of the interplay of violence and power in relationships.
Abstract: This review of the family literature on domestic violence suggests that two broad themes of the 1990s provide the most promising directions for the future. The first is the importance of distinctions among types or contexts of violence. Some distinctions are central to the theoretical and practical understanding of the nature of partner violence, others provide important contexts for developing more sensitive and comprehensive theories, and others may simply force us to question our tendency to generalize carelessly from one context to another. Second, issues of control, although most visible in the feminist literature that focuses on men using violence to control “their” women, also arise in other contexts, calling for more general analyses of the interplay of violence, power, and control in relationships. In addition to these two general themes, our review covers literature on coping with violence, the effects on victims and their children, and the social effects of partner violence.
She wandered the streets, looking in shop windows. Nobody knew her here. Nobody knew what he did when the door was closed. Nobody knew.
(Brant, 1996, pp. 281)
1,131 citations
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TL;DR: An individual programme of strength and balance retraining exercises improved physical function and was effective in reducing falls and injuries in women 80 years and older in Dunedin, New Zealand.
Abstract: Objective: To assess the effectiveness of a home exercise programme of strength and balance retraining exercises in reducing falls and injuries in elderly women. Design: Randomised controlled trial of an individually tailored programme of physical therapy in the home (exercise group, n=116) compared with the usual care and an equal number of social visits (control group, n=117). Setting: 17 general practices in Dunedin, New Zealand. Subjects: Women aged 80 years and older living in the community and registered with a general practice in Dunedin. Main outcome measures: Number of falls and injuries related to falls and time between falls during one year of follow up; changes in muscle strength and balance measures after six months. Results: After one year there were 152 falls in the control group and 88 falls in the exercise group. The mean (SD) rate of falls was lower in the exercise than the control group (0.87 (1.29) v 1.34 (1.93) falls per year respectively; difference 0.47; 95% confidence interval 0.04 to 0.90). The relative hazard for the first four falls in the exercise group compared with the control group was 0.68 (0.52 to 0.90). The relative hazard for a first fall with injury in the exercise group compared with the control group was 0.61 (0.39 to 0.97). After six months, balance had improved in the exercise group (difference between groups in change in balance score 0.43 (0.21 to 0.65). Conclusions: An individual programme of strength and balance retraining exercises improved physical function and was effective in reducing falls and injuries in women 80 years and older. Key messages Modifiable risk factors for falls in elderly people have been well defined; they include loss of muscle strength and impaired balance A programme to improve strength and balance in women aged 80 years and older can be set up safely with four home visits from a physiotherapist This programme reduced falls and moderate injuries appreciably over the subsequent year in Dunedin, New Zealand The benefit was most noticeable in elderly people who fell often
1,131 citations
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TL;DR: A conceptual model is proposed to guide thinking and suggest hypotheses about the relationships between park benefits, park use, and physical activity, and the antecedents/correlates of park use that focus on park environmental characteristics that could be related to physical activity.
1,130 citations
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Harvard University1, University of Queensland2, Johns Hopkins University3, ICF International4, Centre for Mental Health5, Boston University6, University of Sydney7, University of Melbourne8, Imperial College London9, University of New South Wales10, University of California, San Diego11, Emory University12, University of Pennsylvania13, Autonomous University of Barcelona14, University of London15, National Institutes of Health16, French Institute of Health and Medical Research17, Medical Research Council18, Auckland University of Technology19, Federal University of São Paulo20, National Institute of Population and Social Security Research21, Howard University22, Flinders University23, Erasmus University Rotterdam24, King's College London25, Karolinska Institutet26, University of California, San Francisco27, All India Institute of Medical Sciences28, Nova Southeastern University29, University of Miami30, Swansea University31, Tehran University of Medical Sciences32, Queen Mary University of London33, Allen Institute for Brain Science34, University of Cape Town35, Columbia University36, Watford General Hospital37, Centro Studi GISED38, University of Oxford39, Deakin University40, University of British Columbia41, University of Toronto42, Box Hill Hospital43, Vanderbilt University44, University of Washington45, Brandeis University46, University of Tokyo47, The Queen's Medical Center48, Norwegian University of Science and Technology49, China Medical Board50, University of Cambridge51, Royal Cornwall Hospital52, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center53, Shanghai Jiao Tong University54
TL;DR: In this paper, a comprehensive re-estimation of disability weights for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 through a large-scale empirical investigation in which judgments about health losses associated with many causes of disease and injury were elicited from the general public in diverse communities through a new, standardised approach.
1,130 citations
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TL;DR: Long-term regular physical activity, including walking, is associated with significantly better cognitive function and less cognitive decline in older women.
Abstract: ContextPhysical activity may help maintain cognitive function in older adults.ObjectiveTo examine the relation of long-term regular physical activity, including
walking, to cognitive function.DesignWomen reported participation in leisure-time physical activities on
biennial mailed questionnaires beginning in 1986. We assessed long-term activity
by averaging energy expenditures from questionnaires in 1986 through participants'
baseline cognitive assessments (1995 to 2001). We used linear regression to
estimate adjusted mean differences in baseline cognitive performance and cognitive
decline over 2 years, across levels of physical activity and walking.Setting and ParticipantsNurses' Health Study, including 18 766 US women aged 70 to 81 years.Main Outcome MeasureValidated telephone assessments of cognition administered twice approximately
2 years apart (1995 to 2001 and 1997 to 2003), including tests of general
cognition, verbal memory, category fluency, and attention.ResultsHigher levels of activity were associated with better cognitive performance.
On a global score combining results of all 6 tests, women in the second through
fifth quintiles of energy expenditure scored an average of 0.06, 0.06, 0.09,
and 0.10 standard units higher than women in the lowest quintile (P for trend <.001). Compared with women in the lowest physical activity
quintile, we found a 20% lower risk of cognitive impairment for women in the
highest quintile of activity. Among women performing the equivalent of walking
at an easy pace for at least 1.5 h/wk, mean global scores were 0.06 to 0.07
units higher compared with walking less than 40 min/wk (P≤.003). We also observed less cognitive decline among women who
were more active, especially those in the 2 highest quintiles of energy expenditure.
Women in the fourth and fifth quintiles had mean changes in global scores
that were 0.04 (95% confidence interval, 0.02-0.10) and 0.06 (95% confidence
interval, 0.02-0.11) standard units better than those in the lowest quintile.ConclusionLong-term regular physical activity, including walking, is associated
with significantly better cognitive function and less cognitive decline in
older women.
1,130 citations