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Poison control

About: Poison control is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 394709 publications have been published within this topic receiving 15781638 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An overarching framework that stresses error management to increase acceptance of CRM concepts is presented and defines behavioral strategies taught in CRM as error countermeasures that are employed to avoid error, to trap errors committed, and to mitigate the consequences of error.
Abstract: In this study, we describe changes in the nature of Crew Resource Management (CRM) training in commercial aviation, including its shift from cockpit to crew resource management. Validation of the impact of CRM is discussed. Limitations of CRM, including lack of cross-cultural generality are considered. An overarching framework that stresses error management to increase acceptance of CRM concepts is presented. The error management approach defines behavioral strategies taught in CRM as error countermeasures that are employed to avoid error, to trap errors committed, and to mitigate the consequences of error.

1,046 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This article extends the argument using American demographic trends that certain categories of people, such as the poor, the elderly, women-headed households and recent residents, are at greater risk throughout the disaster response process.
Abstract: Disaster vulnerability is socially constructed, i.e., it arises out of the social and economic circumstances of everyday living. Most often discussed from the perspective of developing nations, this article extends the argument using American demographic trends. Examples from recent disasters, Hurricane Andrew in particular, illustrate how certain categories of people, such as the poor, the elderly, women-headed households and recent residents, are at greater risk throughout the disaster response process. Knowledge of where these groups are concentrated within communities and the general nature of their circumstances is an important step towards effective emergency management. Emergency planners, policy-makers and responding organisations are encouraged to identify and locate high-risk sectors on Community Vulnerability Maps, integrating this information into GIS systems where feasible. Effective disaster management calls for aggressively involving these neighbourhoods and groups at all levels of planning and response, as well as mitigation efforts that address the root causes of vulnerability.

1,045 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Bully-victims were the most troubled group, displaying the highest level of conduct, school, and peer relationship problems, and pediatricians can recommend school-wide antibullying approaches that aim to change peer dynamics that support and maintain bullying.
Abstract: Objectives. Bullying and being bullied have been recognized as health problems for children because of their association with adjustment problems, including poor mental health and more extreme violent behavior. It is therefore important to understand how bullying and being bullied affect the well-being and adaptive functioning of youth. We sought to use multiple data sources to better understand the psychological and social problems exhibited by bullies, victims, and bully-victims. Design, Setting, and Participants. Analysis of data from a community sample of 1985 mostly Latino and black 6th graders from 11 schools in predominantly low socioeconomic status urban communities (with a 79% response rate). Main Outcome Measures. Peer reports of who bullies and who is victimized, self-reports of psychological distress, and peer and teacher reports of a range of adjustment problems. Results. Twenty-two percent of the sample was classified as involved in bullying as perpetrators (7%), victims (9%), or both (6%). Compared with other students, these groups displayed school problems and difficulties getting along with classmates. Despite increased conduct problems, bullies were psychologically strongest and enjoyed high social standing among their classmates. In contrast, victims were emotionally distressed and socially marginalized among their classmates. Bully-victims were the most troubled group, displaying the highest level of conduct, school, and peer relationship problems. Conclusions. To be able to intervene with bullying, it is important to recognize the unique problems of bullies, victims, and bully-victims. In addition to addressing these issues directly with their patients, pediatricians can recommend school-wide antibullying approaches that aim to change peer dynamics that support and maintain bullying.

1,044 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The most common non-communicable diseases, including ischaemic heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cancers (liver, stomach, and lung), contributed much more to YLLs in 2013 compared with 1990, and road injuries have become a top ten cause of death in all provinces in mainland China.

1,044 citations

Journal Article
TL;DR: The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is a state-based telephone survey of the civilian, non-institutionalized, adult (persons > or =18 years of age) population.
Abstract: PROBLEM/CONDITION: High-risk behaviors (e.g., cigarette smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and physical inactivity) and lack of preventive health care (e.g., screening for cancer) are associated with chronic disease- and injury-related morbidity and mortality. States use the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) to collect data about these modifiable health behaviors and to monitor trends and changes in the prevalence of behavioral risk factors in state populations. BRFSS data also are used to monitor progress toward the year 2000 national health objectives. REPORTING PERIOD: 1994 and 1995. DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEM: The BRFSS is a state-based telephone survey of the civilian, noninstitutionalized, adult (persons > or =18 years of age) population. In 1994, 49 states and the District of Columbia participated in the BRFSS; in 1995, 50 states participated. RESULTS: As in previous years, there were state-specific variations in the prevalences of high-risk behaviors, awareness of certain medical conditions, use of preventive health services, and health-care coverage. Selected findings for 1995 were that 22.4% of adults reported being current cigarette smokers (range: 13.2%-27.8%); the percentage of adults who reported driving after drinking too much alcohol ranged from 0.6% to 5.2% (median: 2.3%); and among adults aged > or =65 years, 36.8% (range: 11.4%-46.6%) reported ever having had a pneumococcal vaccination and 59.2% (range: 44.2%-70.0%) reported having had an influenza vaccination within the past 1 year. INTERPRETATION: State-specific variations in prevalence may reflect differences in population composition, socioeconomic factors, state laws enacted to discourage high-risk behaviors, levels of effort to screen for certain diseases and physiological conditions, and other factors. ACTION TAKEN: States continue to use the BRFSS to monitor risk factors associated with chronic disease- and injury-related morbidity and mortality and to develop public health programs and policies to address these problems. BRFSS data continue to be important in assessing progress toward national year 2000 and state health objectives. Language: en

1,044 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20231,815
20223,981
20214,381
202012,000
201911,826
20187,786