Topic
Poison control
About: Poison control is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 394709 publications have been published within this topic receiving 15781638 citations.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
More filters
TL;DR: Among severity systems for intensive care patients, the MPM0 is the only model available for use at ICU admission and bothMPM0 and MPM24 are useful research tools and provide important clinical information when used alone or together.
Abstract: Objective. —To revise and update models in the Mortality Probability Model (MPM II) system to estimate the probability of hospital mortality among 19124 intensive care unit (ICU) patients that can be used for quality assessment within and among ICUs. Design and Setting. —Models developed and validated on consecutive admissions to adult medical and surgical ICUs in 12 countries. Patients. —A total of 12610 patients for model development, 6514 patients for model validation. Patients younger than 18 years and burn, coronary care, and cardiac surgery patients were excluded. Outcome Measure. —Vital status at hospital discharge. Results. —The admission model, MPM0, contains 15 readily obtainable variables. In developmental and validation samples it calibrated well (goodness-of-fit tests:P=.623 andP=.327, respectively, where a highPvalue represents good fit between observed and expected values) and discriminated well (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve=0.837 and 0.824, respectively). The 24-hour model, MPM24(developed on 10357 patients still in the ICU at 24 hours), contains five of the admission variables and eight additional variables easily ascertained at 24 hours. It also calibrated well (P=.764 andP=.231 in the developmental and validation samples, respectively) and discriminated well (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve=0.844 and 0.836 in the developmental and validation samples, respectively). Conclusions. —Among severity systems for intensive care patients, the MPM0is the only model available for use at ICU admission. Both MPM0and MPM24are useful research tools and provide important clinical information when used alone or together. (JAMA. 1993;270:2478-2486)
1,009 citations
TL;DR: A review of the literature on the relationship between the father-child relationship and children's well-being and development can be found in this article, with an eye toward prominent theoretical, methodological, and substantive issues.
Abstract: Throughout the 1990s, scholars interested in fatherhood have generated a voluminous, rich, and diverse body of work. We selectively review this literature with an eye toward prominent theoretical, methodological, and substantive issues. This burgeoning literature, complemented by social policy makers' heightened interest in fathers and families, focuses on fatherhood in at least 4 key ways. First, theorists have studied fatherhood as a cultural representation that is expressed through different sociocultural processes and embedded in a larger ecological context. Second, researchers have conceptualized and examined the diverse forms of fatherhood and father involvement. Third, attempts have been made to identify the linkages between dimensions of the father-child relationship and developmental outcomes among children and fathers. Fourth, scholars have explored the father identity as part of a reciprocal process negotiated by men, children, mothers, and other interested parties. Our review highlights research that examines the relationships between dimensions of the father-child relationship and children's well-being and development. We conclude by discussing promising avenues of scholarship for the next generation of research on fatherhood.
1,008 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that indirect, relational, and social aggression are much more similar than they are different, and ways in which future research can be facilitated by integrating the three areas under an adaptive framework are suggested.
Abstract: Over the last decade, researchers have found that girls may be just as aggressive as boys when manipulative forms of aggression, such as gossiping and spreading rumors, are included. These forms of aggression are known by 3 different names: indirect aggression, relational aggression, and social aggression. This review examines their commonalities and differences, and concludes that they are essentially the same form of aggression. We show that analogous forms are not found in other species. We offer a functional account: indirect aggression is an alternative strategy to direct aggression, enacted when the costs of direct aggression are high, and whose aim is to socially exclude, or harm the social status of, a victim. In this light, we consider sex differences and developmental trends and the impact of this aggression on victims. We conclude that indirect, relational, and social aggression are much more similar than they are different, and we suggest ways in which future research can be facilitated by integrating the three areas under an adaptive framework.
1,006 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an unselected sample of 543 children was followed over 20 years to test the independent effects of parenting, exposure to domestic violence between parents, maltreatment, adolescent disruptive behavior disorders, and emerging adult substance abuse disorders (SUDs) on the risk of violence to and from an adult partner.
Abstract: An unselected sample of 543 children was followed over 20 years to test the independent effects of parenting, exposure to domestic violence between parents (ETDV), maltreatment, adolescent disruptive behavior disorders, and emerging adult substance abuse disorders (SUDs) on the risk of violence to and from an adult partner. Conduct disorder (CD) was the strongest risk for perpetrating partner violence for both sexes, followed by ETDV, and power assertive punishment. The effect of child abuse was attributable to these 3 risks. ETDV conferred the greatest risk of receiving partner violence; CD increased the odds of receiving partner violence but did not mediate this effect. Child physical abuse and CD in adolescence were strong independent risks for injury to a partner. SUD mediated the effect of adolescent CD on injury to a partner but not on injury by a partner. Prevention implications are highlighted.
1,006 citations
TL;DR: It is found that drivers rely particularly on the 'tangent point' on the inside of each curve, seeking this point 1–2 s before each bend and returning to it throughout the bend, and this work examines the way this information is used.
Abstract: STEERING a car requires visual information from the changing pattern of the road ahead. There are many theories about what features a driver might use1–3, and recent attempts to engineer self-steering vehicles have sharpened interest in the mechanisms involved4,5 However, there is little direct information linking steering performance to the driver's direction of gaze3. We have made simultaneous recordings of steering-wheel angle and drivers' gaze direction during a series of drives along a tortuous road. We found that drivers rely particularly on the 'tangent point' on the inside of each curve, seeking this point 1–2 s before each bend and returning to it throughout the bend. The direction of this point relative to the car's heading predicts the curvature of the road ahead, and we examine the way this information is used.
1,005 citations