Topic
Poison control
About: Poison control is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 394709 publications have been published within this topic receiving 15781638 citations.
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TL;DR: Findings indicate potential windows of alcohol intake that may confer a net beneficial effect of moderate drinking, at least in terms of survival, while confirming the hazards of excess drinking.
Abstract: Results: A J-shaped relationship between alcohol and total mortality was confirmed in adjusted studies, in both men and women. Consumption of alcohol, up to 4 drinks per day in men and 2 drinks per day in women, was inversely associated with total mortality, maximum protection being 18% in women (99% confidence interval, 13%-22%) and 17% in men (99% confidence interval, 15%-19%). Higher doses of alcohol were associated with increased mortality. The inverse association in women disappeared at doses lower than in men. When adjusted and unadjusted data were compared, the maximum protection was only reduced from 19% to 16%. The degree of association in men was lower in the United States than in Europe. Conclusions: Low levels of alcohol intake (1-2 drinks per day for women and 2-4 drinks per day for men) are inversely associated with total mortality in both men and women. Our findings, while confirming the hazards of excess drinking, indicate potential windows of alcohol intake that may confer a net beneficial effect of moderate drinking, at least in terms of survival. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166:2437-2445
897 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a survey study of 264 students from three junior high schools was conducted to investigate the nature and the extent of adolescences' experience of cyberbullying, and they found that cyber bullying was pervasive in adolescents' experience.
Abstract: This study investigates the nature and the extent of adolescences’ experience of cyberbullying. A survey study of 264 students from three junior high schools was conducted. In this article, ‘cyberb...
896 citations
TL;DR: Empirical evidence suggests that efforts aimed at reducing bullying victimization in childhood and adolescence should be strongly supported and research on explanatory mechanisms involved in the development of mental health problems in bullied youths is needed.
Abstract: Bullying victimization is a topic of concern for youths, parents, school staff and mental health practitioners. Children and adolescents who are victimized by bullies show signs of distress and adjustment problems. However, it is not clear whether bullying is the source of these difficulties. This paper reviews empirical evidence to determine whether bullying victimization is a significant risk factor for psychopathology and should be the target of intervention and prevention strategies. Research indicates that being the victim of bullying (1) is not a random event and can be predicted by individual characteristics and family factors; (2) can be stable across ages; (3) is associated with severe symptoms of mental health problems, including self-harm, violent behaviour and psychotic symptoms; (4) has long-lasting effects that can persist until late adolescence; and (5) contributes independently to children's mental health problems. This body of evidence suggests that efforts aimed at reducing bullying victimization in childhood and adolescence should be strongly supported. In addition, research on explanatory mechanisms involved in the development of mental health problems in bullied youths is needed.
896 citations
TL;DR: The authors summarizes the results of recent research on the bearing capacity of spread foundations of various shapes under a central vertical load and outlines the effects of found bearing capacity on the performance of the spread foundations.
Abstract: The first part of the paper summarizes the results of recent research on the bearing capacity of spread foundations of various shapes under a central vertical load and outlines the effects of found...
895 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the conceptual foundations of community-based and driven development (CBD/CDD) initiatives are reviewed, and the authors find that projects that rely on community participation have not been particularly effective at targeting the poor.
Abstract: Community-based (and driven) development (CBD/CDD) projects have become an important form of development assistance, with the World Bank's portfolio alone approximating 7 billion dollars. This report reviews the conceptual foundations of CBD/CDD initiatives. The authors find that projects that rely on community participation have not been particularly effective at targeting the poor. There is some evidence that CBD/CDD projects create effective community infrastructure, but not a single study establishes a causal relationship between any outcome and participatory elements of a CBD project. Qualitative evidence suggests that external agents strongly influence project success. The evidence suggests that CBD/CDD is best done in a context-specific manner, with a long time-horizon, and with careful and well-designed monitoring and evaluation systems.
895 citations