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Poison control

About: Poison control is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 394709 publications have been published within this topic receiving 15781638 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The risk of PTSD associated with a representative sample of traumas is less than previously estimated, and sudden unexpected death of a loved one is a far more important cause of PTSD in the community, accounting for nearly one third of PTSD cases.
Abstract: Methods: A representative sample of 2181 persons in the Detroit area aged 18 to 45 years were interviewed by telephone to assess the lifetime history of traumatic events and PTSD, according to DSM-IV. Posttraumatic stress disorder was assessed with respect to a randomly selected trauma from the list of traumas reported by each respondent, using a modified version of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule, Version IV, and the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Results: The conditional risk of PTSD following exposure to trauma was 9.2%. The highest risk of PTSD was associated with assaultive violence (20.9%). The trauma most often reported as the precipitating event among persons with PTSD (31% of all PTSD cases) was sudden unexpected death of a loved one, an event experienced by 60% of the sample, and with a moderate risk of PTSD (14.3%). Women were at higher risk of PTSD than men, controlling for type of trauma. Conclusions: The risk of PTSD associated with a representative sample of traumas is less than previously estimated. Previous studies have overestimated the conditional risk of PTSD by focusing on the worst events the respondents had ever experienced. Although recent research has focused on combat, rape, and other assaultive violence as causes of PTSD, sudden unexpected death of a loved one is a far more important cause of PTSD in the community, accounting for nearly one third of PTSD cases. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1998;55:626-632

2,357 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The findings of this study reveal an important, and much underrecognized, mechanism of stratification in the criminal justice system, which presents a major barrier to employment, with important implications for racial disparities.
Abstract: With over 2 million individuals currently incarcerated, and over half a million prisoners released each year, the large and growing number of men being processed through the criminal justice system raises important questions about the consequences of this massive institutional intervention. This article focuses on the consequences of incarceration for the employment outcomes of black and white job seekers. The present study adopts an experimental audit approach—in which matched pairs of individuals applied for real entry‐level jobs—to formally test the degree to which a criminal record affects subsequent employment opportunities. The findings of this study reveal an important, and much underrecognized, mechanism of stratification. A criminal record presents a major barrier to employment, with important implications for racial disparities.

2,352 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A contextual framework is developed by exploring how the socialization and social construction of masculinities transact with social psychological processes common to a variety of potential help-seeking contexts and suggests innovative ways to facilitate adaptive help seeking.
Abstract: Research on men's help seeking yields strategies for enhancing men's use of mental and physical health resources. Analysis of the assumptions underlying existing theory and research also provides a context for evaluating the psychology of men and masculinity as an evolving area of social scientific inquiry. The authors identify several theoretical and methodological obstacles that limit understanding of the variable ways that men do or do not seek help from mental and physical health care professionals. A contextual framework is developed by exploring how the socialization and social construction of masculinities transact with social psychological processes common to a variety of potential help-seeking contexts. This approach begins to integrate the psychology of men and masculinity with theory and methodology from other disciplines and suggests innovative ways to facilitate adaptive help seeking.

2,333 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
02 Mar 1994-JAMA
TL;DR: The article entitled "Actual Causes of Death in the United States" was misleading in a number of ways, and misleadingly suggests that heart disease and cancers are not leading causes of death.
Abstract: To the Editor. —The article entitled "Actual Causes of Death in the United States"1was misleading in a number of ways. First, the title should have been something like "Nongenetic Causes of Death" or "Potentially Preventable Nongenetic Causes of Premature Death," or adjustments should have been made so that ordinary causes of death not credited to one of Drs McGinnis and Foege's major external factors were kept in. Otherwise, listing nine or 10 leading "actual causes" misleadingly suggests that heart disease and cancers are not leading causes of death. In fact, subtract those cancers and heart diseases that McGinnis and Foege attribute to external causes, lifestyles, and the like, and heart disease remains comfortably in third place as a cause of death, and cancers not attributable to outside influences kill more than toxic agents do. Second, either some deaths are counted twice or virtually no firearm-related deaths are attributed

2,331 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The findings partially support previous claims that different methods of measurement produce conflicting results, but there was also evidence that the sample was an important moderator of effect size.
Abstract: Meta-analyses of sex differences in physical aggression to heterosexual partners and in its physical consequences are reported. Women were slightly more likely (d = -.05) than men to use one or more act of physical aggression and to use such acts more frequently. Men were more likely (d =. 15) to inflict an injury, and overall, 62% of those injured by a partner were women. The findings partially support previous claims that different methods of measurement produce conflicting results, but there was also evidence that the sample was an important moderator of effect size. Continuous models showed that younger aged dating samples and a lower proportion of physically aggressive males predicted effect sizes in the female direction. Analyses were limited by the available database, which is biased toward young dating samples in the United States. Wider variations are discussed in terms of two conflicting norms about physical aggression to partners that operate to different degrees in different cultures.

2,331 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20231,815
20223,981
20214,381
202012,000
201911,826
20187,786