Topic
Poison control
About: Poison control is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 394709 publications have been published within this topic receiving 15781638 citations.
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TL;DR: Results of Experiments 3-5 confirmed that AB is triggered by local interference from immediate posttarget stimulation and showed thatAB is modulated by the discriminability between the 1st target and the immediately following distractor.
Abstract: When 2 targets are presented among distractors in rapid serial visual presentation, correct identification of the 1st target results in a deficit for a 2nd target appearing within 200-500 ms. This attentional blink (AB; J. E. Raymond, K. L. Shapiro, & K. M. Arnell, 1992) was examined for categorically defined targets (letters among nonletters) in 7 experiments. AB was obtained for the 2nd letter target among digit distractors (Experiment 1) and also for a 3rd target (Experiment 2). Results of Experiments 3-5 confirmed that AB is triggered by local interference from immediate posttarget stimulation (Raymond et al., 1992) and showed that AB is modulated by the discriminability between the 1st target and the immediately following distractor. Experiments 5-7 further examined the effects of both local interference and global discriminability. A 2-stage model is proposed to account for the AB results. Researchers working on visual attention have focused on. capacity limitations that arise when multiple stimuli must be processed in a single spatial array. Different issues arise when stimuli are presented sequentially. In this study, we examined attentional limitations for processing a temporal sequence of visual stimuli. When participants search for targets among stimuli presented in a sequence at high rates, correct identification of one target produces a marked deficit for detecting a subsequent target appearing in a 200500 ms interval after the onset of the first one (Broadbent & Broadbent, 1987; Raymond, Shapiro, & Arnell, 1992). These tasks involve the use of rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP), in which each item replaces the previous one at the same spatial location. The RSVP paradigm has been a useful tool for researchers exploring the temporal characteristics of information processing because it provides the experimenter with precise control not only over the time a given item is in view, but also over the preceding and subsequent processing demands on the participants. In RSVP each item not only eliminates the previous item from sensory storage (Kahneman, 1968), but also presents a new item to be processed, thus constraining the time available for higher level cognitive as well as perceptual processing (Potter, 1976).
1,400 citations
TL;DR: The hypothesis that community design is significantly associated with moderate levels of physical activity is supported and the rationale for the development of policy that promotes increased levels of land-use mix, street connectivity, and residential density as interventions that can have lasting public health benefits is supported.
1,400 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors anticipate greater success in modifying the manner and frequency with which the activities of humans and domestic animals intersect with those of carnivores, which should permit carnivore populations to persist for decades despite human population growth and modification of habitat.
Abstract: Carnivore conservation depends on the sociopolitical landscape as much as the biological landscape. Changing political attitudes and views of nature have shifted the goals of carnivore management from those based on fear and narrow economic interests to those based on a better understanding of ecosystem function and adaptive management. In parallel, aesthetic and scientific arguments against lethal control techniques are encouraging the development of nonlethal approaches to carnivore management. We anticipate greater success in modifying the manner and frequency with which the activities of humans and domestic animals intersect with those of carnivores. Success should permit carnivore populations to persist for decades despite human population growth and modification of habitat.
1,397 citations
TL;DR: Rates of TBI-related hospitalization have declined nearly 50% since 1980, a phenomenon that may be attributed, in part, to successes in injury prevention and also to changes in hospital admission practices that shift the care of persons with less severe TBI from inpatient to outpatient settings.
Abstract: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability among persons in the United States. Each year, an estimated 1.5 million Americans sustain a TBI. As a result of these injuries, 50,000 people die, 230,000 people are hospitalized and survive, and an estimated 80,000-90,000 people experience the onset of long-term disability. Rates of TBI-related hospitalization have declined nearly 50% since 1980, a phenomenon that may be attributed, in part, to successes in injury prevention and also to changes in hospital admission practices that shift the care of persons with less severe TBI from inpatient to outpatient settings. The magnitude of TBI in the United States requires public health measures to prevent these injuries and to improve their consequences. State surveillance systems can provide reliable data on injury causes and risk factors, identify trends in TBI incidence, enable the development of cause-specific prevention strategies focused on populations at greatest risk, and monitor the effectiveness of such programs. State follow-up registries, built on surveillance systems, can provide more information regarding the frequency and nature of disabilities associated with TBI. This information can help states and communities to design, implement, and evaluate cost-effective programs for people living with TBI and for their families, addressing acute care, rehabilitation, and vocational, school, and community support.
1,396 citations
TL;DR: An 18-item version of the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ-18) was included in an experimental study of the effects of pretherapy orientation on psychotherapy outcome and demonstrated that a subset of items from the scale performed as well as the CSQ-8 and often better.
1,392 citations