Showing papers on "Polarization mode dispersion published in 2013"
TL;DR: In this article, nondegenerate four-wave mixing (FWM) between waves belonging to different spatial modes of a 5 km-long few-mode fiber (FMF) has been experimentally demonstrated.
Abstract: We experimentally demonstrate nondegenerate four-wave mixing (FWM) between waves belonging to different spatial modes of a 5-km-long few-mode fiber (FMF). Of the three inter-modal FWM (IM-FWM) processes possible, two have been experimentally observed. These IM-FWM processes are found to be phase-matched over very large frequency separations of several Terahertz between the waves. In contrast to FWM in single-mode fibers that require operating near the zero-dispersion wavelength to achieve phase matching, IM-FWM in a FMF can be fully phase matched in the presence of large chromatic dispersion in each spatial mode.
161 citations
TL;DR: A signal processing strategy that reconstructs the local retardation robustly in the presence of system PMD and benefits from the final averaging of the PMD-corrected retardation vectors of the spectral bins is presented.
Abstract: Polarization mode dispersion (PMD) has been recognized as a significant barrier to sensitive and reproducible birefringence measurements with fiber-based, polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography systems. Here, we present a signal processing strategy that reconstructs the local retardation robustly in the presence of system PMD. The algorithm uses a spectral binning approach to limit the detrimental impact of system PMD and benefits from the final averaging of the PMD-corrected retardation vectors of the spectral bins. The algorithm was validated with numerical simulations and experimental measurements of a rubber phantom. When applied to the imaging of human cadaveric coronary arteries, the algorithm was found to yield a substantial improvement in the reconstructed birefringence maps.
108 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a highly birefringent photonic crystal fiber based on a modified octagonal structure for broadband dispersion compensation covering the S, C, and L-communication bands is proposed.
100 citations
TL;DR: Based on the combination of these approaches as well as advanced DSP algorithms, a 400G fiber wireless integration system is demonstrated, which creates a capacity record of wireless delivery and ushers in a new era of ultra-high bit rate (>400Gb/s) optical wireless integration communications at mm-wave frequencies.
Abstract: We summarize several different approaches for the realization of large capacity (>100Gb/s) fiber wireless integration system, including optical polarization-division-multiplexing (PDM) combined with multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) reception, advanced multi-level modulation, optical multi-carrier modulation, electrical multi-carrier modulation, antenna polarization multiplexing and multi-band multiplexing. These approaches can effectively reduce the signal baud rate as well as the required bandwidth for optical and electrical devices. We also investigate the problems, such as wireless multi-path effect due to different wireless transmission distance, existing in the large capacity fiber wireless integration system. We demonstrate these problems can be effectively solved based on advanced digital-signal-processing (DSP) algorithms including classic constant modulus algorithm (CMA). Moreover, based on the combination of these approaches as well as advanced DSP algorithms, we have successfully demonstrated a 400G fiber wireless integration system, which creates a capacity record of wireless delivery and ushers in a new era of ultra-high bit rate (>400Gb/s) optical wireless integration communications at mm-wave frequencies.
95 citations
17 Mar 2013
TL;DR: The introduction of bit rate variable transceivers is expected to improve network reconfiguration and optimization and the different network margins are discussed along with the related strategies to reduce them.
Abstract: The introduction of bit rate variable transceivers is expected to improve network reconfiguration and optimization. The different network margins are discussed along with the related strategies to reduce them.
79 citations
TL;DR: A receiver architecture is proposed that can decouple the two polarizations of the orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing offset quadrature amplitude modulation and an equalizer per channel is built at twice the symbol rate and optimized based on the minimum mean square error criterion.
Abstract: In order to improve the spectral efficiency of coherent optical communication systems, it has recently been proposed to make use of the orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing offset quadrature amplitude modulation (OFDM-OQAM). Multiple optical channels spaced in the frequency domain by the symbol rate can be transmitted orthogonally, even if each channel overlaps significantly in frequency with its two adjacent channels. The solutions proposed until now in the literature unfortunately only address a single polarization communication, and therefore do not benefit from the capacity gain reached when two polarizations are used to transmit independent information signals. The aim of the present paper is to propose a receiver architecture that can decouple the two polarizations. We build an equalizer per channel at twice the symbol rate and optimize it based on the minimum mean square error (MMSE) criterion. We demonstrate the efficiency of the resulting system compared to the Nyquist wavelength-division multiplexing (N-WDM) system both in terms of performance and complexity. We also assess the system sensitivity to transmit synchronization errors and show that system can even work under significant synchronization errors.
52 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the number of propagating modes and several modal characteristics, including intermodal beat lengths, group delay spread, mode-dependent chromatic dispersion, and intramodal and inter-modal effective areas, were analyzed for Coupled-Core Multi-Core Fibers (MCFs).
Abstract: Coupled-core multi-core fibers (MCFs) offer characteristics that are beneficial for long-haul spatially multiplexed transmission. Using full-vector solution of the wave equation, we study the number of propagating modes and several modal characteristics, including intermodal beat lengths, group delay spread, mode-dependent chromatic dispersion, and intramodal and intermodal effective areas. We identify a range of design parameters that simultaneously optimizes these characteristics. Our results demonstrate the limited accuracy of perturbation-based analyses in characterizing MCFs with closely spaced cores.
48 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a microstructure optical fiber for dispersion compensation in a wide range of wavelengths is presented, where the finite element method with perfectly matched absorbing layers boundary condition is used to investigate the guiding properties.
46 citations
TL;DR: A novel PMD compensation method is proposed that measures system PMD using three fixed calibration signals, numerically corrects for these instrument effects and reconstructs an improved sample image by comparing birefringence noise in images of intralipid, muscle, and tendon with and without PMD Compensation.
Abstract: Polarization mode dispersion (PMD), which can be induced by circulators or even moderate lengths of optical fiber, is known to be a dominant source of instrumentation noise in fiber-based PS-OCT systems. In this paper we propose a novel PMD compensation method that measures system PMD using three fixed calibration signals, numerically corrects for these instrument effects and reconstructs an improved sample image. Using a frequency multiplexed PS-OFDI setup, we validate the proposed method by comparing birefringence noise in images of intralipid, muscle, and tendon with and without PMD compensation.
45 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that artifacts can be avoided by limiting the system PMD to less than the system axial resolution, and that spatial averaging over a dimension larger than that characteristic of speckle is required to remove a PMD-induced bias of the local retardation values.
Abstract: Polarization mode dispersion (PMD) severely degrades images of biological tissue measured with polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography. It adds a bias to the local retardation value that can be spatially confined, resulting in regions of seemingly high sample birefringence that are purely artificial. Here, we demonstrate and analyze this effect, both experimentally and with numerical simulations, and show that artifacts can be avoided by limiting the system PMD to less than the system axial resolution. Even then, spatial averaging over a dimension larger than that characteristic of speckle is required to remove a PMD-induced bias of the local retardation values.
44 citations
TL;DR: Long-term stable, sub-femtosecond timing distribution over a 1.2-km polarization-maintaining PM fiber-optic link using balanced optical cross-correlators for link stabilization is demonstrated and potential sub-100-as timing stability for pulse energies below 70 pJ is confirmed.
Abstract: Long-term stable, sub-femtosecond timing distribution over a 12-km polarization-maintaining (PM) fiber-optic link using balanced optical cross-correlators for link stabilization is demonstrated Novel dispersion-compensating PM fiber was developed to construct a dispersion-slope-compensated PM link, which eliminated slow timing drifts and jumps previously induced by polarization mode dispersion in standard single-mode fiber Numerical simulations of nonlinear pulse propagation in the fiber link confirmed potential sub-100-as timing stability for pulse energies below 70 pJ Link operation for 16 days showed ~06 fs RMS timing drift and during a 3-day interval only ~013 fs drift, which corresponds to a stability level of 10(-21)
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of PMD in optical fiber in one hindered km link fiber was analyzed and an optical compensation technique was proposed to reduce PMD effect in single mode fiber.
Abstract: The maximum channel density for digital transmission can be achieved by increase the bit rate. When the bit rate cross the 2.5Gbps , the PMD degrade the transmission characteristics. PMD occurs in single mode fiber and because of PMD it impossible to transmit data reliability at high speed. This effects results the widening the pulses and reduce the capacity of transmission of the fiber. This work analyzes the effect of PMD in optical fiber in one hindered km link fiber. The eye diagram, Q value and bit rate for analyzing the PMD. Also an optical compensation technique by which the effect of PMD can be reduced is also analyzed. bit error rate can be achieved by simulating with OptSim 5.3, which includes the algorithms to guarantee the maximum possible accuracy and correct results.
TL;DR: An ytterbium-doped mode-locked fiber laser was demonstrated with a chirped fiber Bragg grating for dispersion management and a theoretical model was established and used to verify the experimental observations.
Abstract: An ytterbium-doped mode-locked fiber laser was demonstrated with a chirped fiber Bragg grating for dispersion management. The cavity net dispersion could be changed from large normal dispersion (2.4 ps(2)) to large anomalous dispersion (-2.0 ps(2)), depending on the direction of the chirped Bragg grating in laser cavity. The proposed fiber lasers with large normal dispersion generated stable pulses with a pulse width of <1.1 ns and a pulse energy of 1.5 nJ. The laser with large anomalous dispersion generated wavelength-tunable soliton with a pulse width of 2.7 ps and pulse energy of 0.13 nJ. A theoretical model was established and used to verify the experimental observations.
TL;DR: Numerical simulation of a long haul wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) fiber optic system with the proposed OBP scheme shows that the system reach can be enhanced by 54% as compared to digital backpropagation (DBP).
Abstract: An ideal optical backpropagation (OBP) scheme to compensate for dispersion and nonlinear effects of the transmission fibers is proposed. The scheme consists of an optical phase conjugator (OPC), N spans of dispersion-decreasing fibers (DDFs) and amplifiers, placed at the end of the fiber optic link. In order to compensate for the nonlinear effects of the transmission fibers exactly, the nonlinear coefficient of the backpropagation fiber has to increase exponentially with distance or equivalently the power in the backpropagation fiber should increase exponentially with distance if the nonlinear coefficient is constant. In this paper, it is shown that a combination of DDFs and amplifiers can compensate for the nonlinear effects exactly. An analytical expression for the dispersion profile of the DDF is derived. Numerical simulation of a long haul wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) fiber optic system with the proposed OBP scheme shows that the system reach can be enhanced by 54% as compared to digital backpropagation (DBP).
TL;DR: In this article, a detailed numerical analysis for dispersion properties and losses has been carried out for a new type of Photonic crystal fiber where the air-holes are arranged in a circular pattern with a silica matrix called as Circular Photonic Crystal Fiber (C-PCF).
Abstract: Detailed numerical analysis for dispersion properties and losses has been carried out for a new type of Photonic crystal fiber where the air-holes are arranged in a circular pattern with a silica matrix called as Circular Photonic Crystal Fiber (C-PCF). The dependence of different PCF geometrical parameters namely different circular spacings, air-hole diameter and numbers of air-hole rings are carried out in detail towards practical applications. Our numerical analysis establishes that total dispersion is strongly affected by the interplay between material dispersion and waveguide dispersion. For smaller air-filing fraction, adding extra air-hole rings does not change dispersion much whereas for higher air-filling fraction, the dispersion nature changes significantly. With proper adjustment of the parameters ultra-flattened dispersion could be achieved; though the application can be limited by higher losses. However, the ultra-flat dispersion fibers can be used for practical high power applications like supercontinuum generation (SCG) by reducing the loss at the pumping wavelength by increasing the no of air-hole rings. Broadband smooth SCG can also be achieved with low loss oscillating near-zero dispersion fiber with higher no of air-hole rings. The detail study shows that for realistic dispersion engineering we need to be careful for both loss and dispersion.
TL;DR: The theory of Raman amplification in long multimode optical fibers, where strong random mode coupling within groups of quasi-degenerate modes is unavoidable is presented.
Abstract: We present the theory of Raman amplification in long multimode optical fibers, where strong random mode coupling within groups of quasi-degenerate modes is unavoidable. In such fibers, the signal components in modes that belong to the same strongly coupled group experience the same Raman amplification, where the differential gain is linearly dependent on the aggregate powers of the pump in each of the mode groups. The equations that we derive significantly facilitate the numerical and analytical study of Raman amplification in long multimode fibers.
TL;DR: In this article, a new type of telecom optical polarization and amplitude modulator, based on a balanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer configuration, coupled with a polarization-preserving sum-frequency generation (SFG) optical setup, was proposed for long range QKD.
Abstract: To implement the BB84 decoy-state quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol over a lossy ground-satellite quantum uplink requires a source that has high repetition rate of short laser pulses, long term stability, and no phase correlations between pulses. We present a new type of telecom optical polarization and amplitude modulator, based on a balanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer configuration, coupled to a polarization-preserving sum-frequency generation (SFG) optical setup, generating 532 nm photons with modulated polarization and amplitude states. The weak coherent pulses produced by SFG meet the challenging requirements for long range QKD, featuring a high clock rate of 76 MHz, pico-second pulse width, phase randomization, and 98% polarization visibility for all states. Successful QKD has been demonstrated using this apparatus with full system stability up to 160 minutes and channel losses as high 57 dB . We present the design and simulation of the hardware through the Mueller matrix and Stokes vector relations, together with an experimental implementation working in the telecom wavelength band. We show the utility of the complete system by performing high loss QKD simulations, and confirm that our modulator fulfills the expected performance.
TL;DR: In this paper, a dispersion compensating microstructure holey fiber for wideband transmission system is presented, where the finite element method with perfectly matched absorbing layers boundary condition is used to investigate the guiding properties.
TL;DR: In this article, a priority based dispersion-reduced wavelength assignment (PDRWA) scheme is proposed to reduce overall dispersion in optical network, where connection requests having a same source-destination (s-d) pair are groomed first to avoid intermediate optical-electrical-optical (O/E/O) conversation and then these groomed connection requests with longer lightpaths with higher dispersion are assigned to the lightpath with shorter distance.
Abstract: Dispersion in optical fiber degrades the quality of signal in optical networks. Although the use of dispersion compensating fiber (DCF) reduces the effects of dispersion, it is expensive and has more propagation loss compared to step-index fiber (SIF). In this paper, we propose a priority based dispersion-reduced wavelength assignment (PDRWA) scheme to reduce overall dispersion in optical network. In this scheme, the connection requests having a same source-destination (s-d) pair are groomed first to avoid intermediate optical-electrical-optical (O/E/O) conversation and then these groomed connection requests with longer lightpath are assigned the wavelengths having lesser dispersion and the wavelengths having a higher dispersion are assigned to the lightpaths with shorter distance. If the connection requests are assigned to the wavelengths using such constraint on dispersion, the overall dispersion in the network can be reduced to a great extent, which will in turn lead to better performance of the network in terms of overall signal quality (Q-factor) without increasing network setup cost. The performance analysis of the proposed scheme using SIF is conducted with different channel speeds (10, 40 and 100 Gbps) in terms of total dispersion and compared the same with the use of DCF. Furthermore, we have studied the overall Q-factor in the network with different channel speeds and considering polarization mode dispersion (PMD) effect using SIF and DCF.
TL;DR: Fourth-order dispersion not only leads to the appearance of instability sidebands in the normal dispersion regime, but also to a new class of large detuned instability peaks that are ascribed to the variation of dispersion.
Abstract: We investigate the role played by fourth-order dispersion on the modulation instability process in dispersion oscillating fibers. It not only leads to the appearance of instability sidebands in the normal dispersion regime (as in uniform fibers), but also to a new class of large detuned instability peaks that we ascribe to the variation of dispersion. All these theoretical predictions are experimentally confirmed.
Patent•
15 Mar 2013TL;DR: In this paper, a system and method of identifying changes utilizing radio frequency polarization is presented, which includes receiving a reflected and/or transmitted polarized radio frequency signal at a receiver, filtering, amplifying and conditioning the received signal, converting the received signals from an analog format to a digital format, processing the digital signal to elicit a polarization mode dispersion feature of the receiving signal, and comparing the polarization modes dispersion features to a known calibration to detect a change in a characteristic of the target object.
Abstract: A system and method of identifying changes utilizing radio frequency polarization includes receiving a reflected and/or transmitted polarized radio frequency signal at a receiver, filtering, amplifying and conditioning the received signal, converting the received signal from an analog format to a digital format, processing the digital signal to elicit a polarization mode dispersion feature of the received signal, and comparing the polarization mode dispersion features to a known calibration to detect a change in a characteristic of the target object.
TL;DR: In this article, an accurate and low-complexity blind adaptive algorithm for chromatic dispersion (CD) compensation and estimation in coherent optical systems is proposed, which is based on a frequency domain equalizer (FDE), a low complexity Time Domain Equalizer arranged in a butterfly structure (B-TDE) and an optical performance monitoring (OPM) block in a loop configuration.
Abstract: We propose an accurate and low-complexity blind adaptive algorithm for chromatic dispersion (CD) compensation and estimation in coherent optical systems. The method is based on a Frequency Domain Equalizer (FDE), a low complexity Time Domain Equalizer arranged in a butterfly structure (B-TDE) and an Optical Performance Monitoring (OPM) block in a loop configuration. The loop is such that, at each iteration, the CD value compensated by the B-TDE and estimated by the OPM is given to the FDE; according to this estimation, in the subsequent iteration, the FDE compensates also this quantity. The procedure is repeated until the majority of CD is compensated by the FDE and a small residual quantity is compensated by a low complexity B-TDE with a small number of taps. The method is extended to long haul uncompensated links exploiting the information on the mean square error (MSE) provided by the B-TDE. The proposed algorithm is then experimentally validated for a polarization multiplexed quadrature phase shift keying (PM-QPSK) signal at 112 Gbit/s propagating along 1000 km of uncompensated Z PLUS® optical fiber. A statistical analysis of the performance of the proposed solution, in terms of mean value and standard deviation of the CD estimation error, is carried out, running a set of simulations including different impairments, such as noise, polarization dependent loss, polarization mode dispersion and self-phase modulation in a line of 1000 km of uncompensated G.652 optical fiber. Our method could be used to compensate and estimate any CD quantity without increasing the number of taps in the B-TDE and exploiting devices already included in the system (TDE, FDE and OPM) arranged in a loop.
14 Jul 2013
TL;DR: In this paper, the extended Golay code over the 24D hypercube was used to achieve 6 dB asymptotic power efficiency with 1 b/s/Hz/pol spectral efficiency.
Abstract: We propose modulation using the extended Golay code over the 24D hypercube, achieving 6 dB asymptotic power efficiency with 1 b/s/Hz/pol spectral efficiency. Noise tolerance is improved by 3 dB over DP-BPSK at a BER of 10−3.
TL;DR: The results show that the performance of 4PM systems is comparable to that of PDM-QPSK systems, which indicates that the proposed scheme is a potentially promising candidate for future optical networks.
Abstract: We propose a configuration of signal multiplexing with four polarization states, and investigate its transmission performance over single-mode-fiber links. Assisted by coherent detection and digital signal processing (DSP), the demodulation of four-polarization multiplexed (4PM) on-off-keying (OOK) and phase-shift-keying (PSK) signals are achieved. We then discuss the impact of the crosstalk from polarization mode dispersion (PMD) on 4PM systems. The transmission distance is extended from ~50-km to ~80 km by employing feedback-decision-equalizers. We also compare the back-to-back characteristics of the 40-Gbit/s 4PM-OOK system and 40-Gbit/s PDM-QPSK system with the same spectral efficiency. The results show that the performance of 4PM systems is comparable to that of PDM-QPSK systems, which indicates that the proposed scheme is a potentially promising candidate for future optical networks.
TL;DR: In this paper, a modified spiral optical fiber (MS-MOF) is presented that successfully compensates the dispersion covering the E-to L-communication bands ranging from 1370 to 1640 nm.
Abstract: A highly birefringent dispersion compensating microstructure optical fiber (MOF) based on a modified spiral (MS)-MOF is presented that successfully compensates the dispersion covering the E- to L-communication bands ranging from 1370 to 1640 nm. It is shown theoretically that it can obtain a negative dispersion coefficient of about −221 to −424 ps/(nm⋅km) ) over S to L bands and −327 ps/(nm⋅ km) ) at the operating wavelength of 1550 nm. The relative dispersion slope is perfectly matched to that of single-mode fiber of about 0.0036 nm −1 . Besides, the proposed MS-MOF offers high birefringence of 1.79×10 −2 with a large nonlinear coefficient of about 41.8 W −1 km −1 at the operating wavelength along with two zero dispersion wavelengths at 610 and 1220 nm. Futhermore, the variation of structural parameters is also studied to evaluate the tolerance of the fabrication.
TL;DR: A novel polarization diversity DPSK demodulator on the SOI platform with low polarization dependent loss (1.6 dB) andLow polarization dependent extinction ratio (<;3 dB).
Abstract: We demonstrate a novel polarization diversity differential phase-shift keying (DPSK) demodulator on the SOI platform, which is fabricated in a single lithography and etching step. The polarization diversity DPSK demodulator is based on a novel polarization splitter and rotator, which consists of a tapered waveguide followed by a 2 × 2 multimode interferometer. A lowest insertion loss of 0.5 dB with low polarization dependent loss of 1.6 dB and low polarization dependent extinction ratio smaller than 3 dB are measured for the polarization diversity circuit. Clear eye-diagrams and a finite power penalty of only 3 dB when the input state of polarization is scrambled are obtained for 40 Gbit/s non return-to-zero DPSK (NRZ-DPSK) demodulation.
TL;DR: The proposed ICA equalization scheme was evaluated in a multi-span optical communications system impaired by both polarization mode dispersion (PMD) and polarization dependent loss (PDL).
Abstract: We propose a multi-tap independent component analysis (ICA) scheme for blind equalization and phase recovery in coherent optical communication systems. The proposed algorithm is described and evaluated in the cases of QPSK and 16-QAM transmission. Comparison with CMA equalization shows similar performance in the case of QPSK and an advantage for the ICA equalizer in the case of 16-QAM. The equalization scheme was evaluated in a multi-span optical communications system impaired by both polarization mode dispersion (PMD) and polarization dependent loss (PDL).
TL;DR: This work proposes POL-MUX transmission of advanced modulation formats, such as 16-QAM and higher, by means of a novel low-complexity photonic integrated optical front-end and adaptive 3x2 MIMO DSP.
Abstract: We introduce and simulate a technique enabling to utilize the polarization dimension in direct-detection optical transmission, supporting polarization multiplexing (POL-MUX) over direct-detection (DD) methods previously demonstrated for a single polarization such as direct-detection OFDM. POL-MUX is currently precluded in self-coherent DD with remotely transmitted pilot, as signal x pilot components may randomly fade out. We propose POL-MUX transmission of advanced modulation formats, such as 16-QAM and higher, by means of a novel low-complexity photonic integrated optical front-end and adaptive 3x2 MIMO DSP. The principle of operation is as follows: an additional X x Y cross-polarizations signal is generated, providing three projections onto an over-complete frame of three dependent vectors. This enables to resiliently reconstruct the received state of polarization even when the remotely transmitted pilot fades along one of the received polarization axes.
TL;DR: In this paper, a modified method of constant modulus algorithm (CMA) based on polarization demultiplexing in Stokes space was proposed for optical coherent receivers in order to avoid the singularity problem of the CMA.
Abstract: We propose a modified method of constant modulus algorithm (CMA) based on polarization demultiplexing in Stokes space for polarization demultiplexing (SS-PDM) in optical coherent receivers. SS-PDM can tolerate chromatic dispersion (CD) and polarization-dependent loss (PDL), but is sensitive to PMD. On the other hand, the CMA with high-order FIR filters could compensate for polarization-mode-dispersion (PMD) effectively, but suffers from the singularity problem which results from PDL. Therefore, we use the polarization rotation matrix estimated by SS-PDM to set the initial center taps of the CMA. The singularity problem of the CMA is avoided effectively in a much wider range of PDL and its convergence speed is also improved. We demonstrate this modified CMA in a simulation of 100-Gbit/s PDM-QPSK with PDL of 1, 3, and 5 dB, respectively. PDL is emulated by attenuating one polarization tributary before polarization multiplexing and the interaction between PDL and PMD is ignored. The singularity problem disappears as expected. Because the tolerance of PDL is affected by DGD, we further investigate the PDL tolerance under different DGD. Finally, we conduct the simulation of 100-Gbit/s PDM-QPSK with PDL of 3 dB over 3000 km SSMF and 4000 km SSMF separately. The convergence speed accelerates indeed compared with that of the conventional CMA.
17 Mar 2013
TL;DR: A LCOS WSS implements an optical inverse Fourier transform for 10-Tb/s OFDM signal generation and cyclic prefix insertion and optically-banded digital subcarrier demultiplexing.
Abstract: A LCOS WSS implements an optical inverse Fourier transform for 10-Tb/s OFDM signal generation and cyclic prefix insertion. After 857.4 km of dispersion uncompensated transmission, a second WSS implemented optically-banded digital subcarrier demultiplexing.