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Polarization mode dispersion

About: Polarization mode dispersion is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 5147 publications have been published within this topic receiving 80055 citations. The topic is also known as: PMD.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a new method to measure high-order polarization mode dispersion (PMD) using the Jones matrix exponential expansion is presented, which is characterized by measuring a series of characteristic matrices, which are convenient quantities for analyzing PMD effects in the time domain.
Abstract: We demonstrate a new method to measure high-order polarization mode dispersion (PMD) using the Jones matrix exponential expansion. High-order PMD is characterized by measuring a series of characteristic matrices, which are convenient quantities for analyzing PMD effects in the time-domain. An experimental method is developed to estimate the validity range of the exponential expansion.

24 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the use of polarization-division multiplexed solitons is only preferable to a copolarized pulse train only if the system is interaction-limited and the polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) is sufficiently weak.
Abstract: We point out that the use of polarization-division multiplexed solitons is only preferable to a copolarized pulse train only if the system is interaction-limited and the polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) is sufficiently weak. If the PMD is stronger, copolarized solitons perform better than polarization-division multiplexed ones. A simple analytical formula for when this occurs is derived.

24 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the propagation of pulses in optical fibers with polarization mode dispersion (PMD) is considered, adapting Marcuse's perturbation method to analyze pulse dispersion rather than using Jones matrices or Stokes parameters.
Abstract: The propagation of pulses in optical fibers with polarization mode dispersion (PMD) is considered. The approach taken differs from those previously used, adapting Marcuse's perturbation method to analyze pulse dispersion rather than using Jones matrices or Stokes parameters. This allows the complex stochastic partial differential equations to be reduced to a simple propagation equation for the pulse power. This may be solved to obtain the transfer function of the fiber. The impact of PMD on optical fiber communications systems is considered, with the effect on pulsewidth and eye closure calculated. Finally, the statistical behavior of the phenomenon is considered to calculate the system outage probability due to PMD.

24 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a frequency-selective polarimeter based on coherent detection is proposed, which has superior accuracy compared to previously proposed direct detection-based counterparts, due to the high-frequency resolution and power sensitivity of coherent detection, features that minimize the systematic and random error in the measurement of the state of polarization of the individual spectral components of the received optical signal.
Abstract: Frequency-selective polarimeters measure the state of polarization of the individual spectral components of a modulated optical signal. They can be used either as stand-alone measuring devices or as parts of adaptive polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) compensators. This paper presents a novel frequency-selective polarimeter based on coherent detection, which has superior accuracy compared to previously proposed direct detection-based counterparts. This is due to the high-frequency resolution and power sensitivity of coherent detection, features that minimize the systematic and random error, respectively, in the measurement of the state of polarization of the individual spectral components of the received optical signal. The accuracy of the measurement is independent of the received signal bit rate and modulation format. The proposed frequency-selective polarimeter is studied both theoretically and experimentally. The primary theoretical contribution of this paper is a unified formalism, which allows the modeling of both direct and coherent detection-based frequency-selective polarimeters. Analytical expressions for the output signal of both types of frequency-selective polarimeters are derived. Based on these expressions, a common algorithm is proposed for the evaluation of the Stokes parameters. In addition, an example error signal is used as a metric in order to test the agreement of the theoretical model with the experimental measurements. The successful operation of the coherent frequency-selective polarimeter is demonstrated experimentally for a 10-Gb/s intensity-modulated nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) optical signal in the presence of first-order polarization-mode dispersion. There is an excellent agreement between theory and experiment.

24 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the performance of an optical fiber system where bit errors result from a complex interplay of spontaneous noise generated in optical amplifiers and birefringent disorder of the transmission fiber is evaluated.
Abstract: This paper presents a method that allows evaluating the performance of an optical fiber system where bit errors result from a complex interplay of spontaneous noise generated in optical amplifiers and birefringent disorder of the transmission fiber. We demonstrate that in the presence of temporal fluctuations of birefringence characteristics, the bit-error rate (BER) itself is insufficient for characterizing system performance. Adequate characterization requires introducing the probability distribution function (PDF) of the BER obtained by averaging over many realizations of birefringent disorder. Our theoretical analysis shows that this PDF has an extended tail indicating the importance of anomalously large values of BER. We present the results of comprehensive analysis of the following issues: 1) The dependence of the PDF tail shape on detection details, such as filtering and regular temporal shift adjustment; 2) the changes in the PDF of BER that occur when the first- or higher order polarization mode dispersion (PMD) compensation techniques are applied; 3) an alternative PMD compensation method capable of providing more efficient suppression of extreme outages.

24 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202332
202275
202145
202069
201968
201868