Topic
Polarization mode dispersion
About: Polarization mode dispersion is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 5147 publications have been published within this topic receiving 80055 citations. The topic is also known as: PMD.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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17 Mar 2002TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reviewed experimental and numerical results on electrical signal processing for the reduction of penalty induced in the optical domain and showed that for amplified optical signal limited by the optical signal-to-noise-ratio (OSNR), the residual penalty after equalization roughly doubles and the fast responding LMS adaptation leads to a sub-optimum setting of the equalizer failing the optimum by up to 0.8 dB which can be avoided by the slower steepest-descend scheme which optimising Q-factor related criteria at equalizer output.
Abstract: We have reviewed experimental and numerical results on electrical signal processing for the reduction of penalty induced in the optical domain. Since a few years integrated electronic equalizer circuits are available for 10 Gb/s operation. Penalty reduction of signal distorted by chromatic dispersion, PMD, and self-phase modulation has experimentally been demonstrated. First studies on equalization of DWDM typical crosstalk have already been conducted. Nevertheless, as compared to the decade long experience with dynamic equalization of thermal noise limited signal, for amplified optical signal limited by the optical signal-to-noise-ratio (OSNR) the residual penalty after equalization roughly doubles and the fast responding LMS adaptation leads to a sub-optimum setting of the equalizer failing the optimum by up to 0.8 dB which can be avoided by the slower steepest-descend scheme which optimising Q-factor related criteria at equalizer output.
88 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a statistical description of polarization dependent chromatic dispersion in optical fibers due to second-order polarization mode dispersion (PMD), which is the cause of pulse broadening and compression of the signal components propagating in the principal states of polarization.
Abstract: This paper presents a statistical description of polarization dependent chromatic dispersion (PCD) in optical fibers due to second-order polarization mode dispersion (PMD). This chromatic dispersion is the cause of pulse broadening and compression of the signal components propagating in the principal states of polarization. We show here that, remarkably, the probability density function of PCD has the form of the energy density of a first-order optical soliton. We report measurements that are in agreement with the prediction of this soliton density. Moreover, since a large number of independent experimental samples are difficult to obtain, we also report simulations of the experimental process and these serve to underscore the agreement between theory and measurement. The probability density functions of first and second-order PMD vectors are spherically symmetric. However, these vectors are not statistically independent. The mean square depolarization with respect to wavelength of a launched pulse is revealed to be 33% stronger than expected for spherical symmetry in the absence of dependence, while the mean square PCD is weaker by 67%.
87 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, a rotatable connectors between sections of polarization-maintaining fibers is used to generate an ensemble of high PMD fiber realizations by randomly rotating the connectors.
Abstract: We investigate both experimentally and theoretically a new technique to realistically emulate polarization-mode dispersion (PMD). We propose and demonstrate a PMD emulator using rotatable connectors between sections of polarization-maintaining fibers that generates an ensemble of high PMD fiber realizations by randomly rotating the connectors. It is shown that: (1) the DGD of this emulator is Maxwellian-distributed over an ensemble of fiber realizations at any fixed optical frequency; and (2) the frequency autocorrelation function of the PMD emulator resembles that in a real fiber when averaged over an ensemble of fiber realizations. A realistic autocorrelation function is required for proper emulation of higher order PMD and indicates the feasibility of using this emulator for wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) systems.
87 citations
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21 Feb 1999TL;DR: In this article, a simple and simple polarization-mode dispersion compensator based on the dynamic maximization of the degree of polarization is proposed and evaluated at 10 Gbit/s.
Abstract: We experimentally validate at 10 Gbit/s a new and simple polarization-mode dispersion compensator based on the dynamic maximization of the degree of polarization. First-order compensation is demonstrated and ultimate statistical performance is numerically assessed.
87 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the first polarization-insensitive all-fiber higher-order mode dispersion compensator for broad-band dispersion compensation has been demonstrated for transmission through 1000 km (10/spl times/100 km) of nonzero dispersion-shifted fiber (NZDSF) at 40 Gb/s.
Abstract: We use a novel fiber-grating device to demonstrate the first polarization-insensitive all-fiber higher order mode dispersion compensator for broad-band dispersion compensation. Its low loss and high effective area have enabled transmission through 1000 km (10/spl times/100 km) of nonzero dispersion-shifted fiber (NZDSF) at 40 Gb/s.
87 citations