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Showing papers on "Polarization rotator published in 1967"


Journal ArticleDOI
W. van Haeringen1
TL;DR: The polarization properties of a single-mode operating gas laser in a small axial magnetic field with an initial cavity anisotropy are considered in detail in this paper, where the effects on the polarization parameters due to the active medium, the external field, and the initial anisotropic of the cavity are discussed.
Abstract: The polarization properties of a single-mode operating gas laser in a small axial magnetic field (field splitting\ensuremath{\ll}natural linewidth) with an initial cavity anisotropy are considered in detail Expressions are given for the effects on the polarization parameters due to the active medium, the external field, and the initial anisotropy of the cavity The cooperation of these three effects is discussed Existing theories are in this respect shown to be either incomplete or inadequate Specializations are made to several types of atomic transitions and cavity anisotropies A group of low-field polarization phenomena observed on the He-Ne 1153-\ensuremath{\mu} mode is theoretically discussed In particular, it is shown that the observed polarization flip by tuning through the line center and the hysteresis effect, observed by Kannelaud and Culshaw, can be completely understood assuming a cavity whose main anisotropy is a linear phase anisotropy At zero or very small magnetic field the theory predicts a preference for linear or circular polarization, depending on the type of atomic transition

73 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors measured the polarization of atomic lines in electron-alkali atom crossed-beam experiments and showed that the polarization is very sensitive to the natural level width, and to the fine and hyperfine structure separations of the excited states.
Abstract: In order to test the predictions of the general theory for the polarization of atomic radiation excited by electron impact, we measured the polarization of atomic lines in electron-alkali atom crossed-beam experiments. The results show a typical behaviour for the polarization of lithium and sodium resonance lines, which is contrary to the earlier measurements such as those ofSkinner andAppleyard: the polarization of the resonance lines increases monotonically from higher energies to the excitation threshold. The threshold polarization of the first resonance lines of Li6, Li7 and Na23 is in good agreement with the calculations byFlower andSeaton. These results demonstrate that polarization is very sensitive to the natural level width, and to the fine and hyperfine structure separations of the excited states. Polarization of further lines has been investigated: an alkali line from anS to aP state is unpolarized as expected, but the polarization of a line from aD to aP state decreased in an unexpected manner near the threshold energy.

33 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1967
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the fluorescence of cadmium vapour sensitized by the presence of mercury vapour should be partially polarized, and the theoretical value is 3/11, which is reduced in practice by various depolarizing effects.
Abstract: By means of the selection rule ΣmJ = constant along the axis of a collision between two atoms, it is shown that sensitized fluorescence should in some cases be partially polarized. The degree of polarization of the fluorescence of cadmium vapour sensitized by the presence of mercury vapour is calculated for certain states of polarization of the incident radiation. In the case studied experimentally the degree of polarization varies over a range of 2-5%. The theoretical value is 3/11, which is reduced in practice by various depolarizing effects. The possibility of transfer coherence between eigenstates from mercury to cadmium during a collision is considered.

20 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the response of the antenna to four waves of known-but-different polarization states is measured from the measurements, three ratios are formed which are the relative polarization efficiencies of the antennas to the waves each ratio is representable as a contour on the polarization chart; the intersection of the three contours determines the antenna polarization.
Abstract: The polarization sphere and its stereographic projections, the polarization charts, are useful graphical aids in computations and measurements involving polarization They may be advantageously utilized in the study and optimization of a technique for determining the polarization of an antenna by amplitude measurements only In this technique, the response of the antenna to four waves of known-but-different polarization states is measured From the measurements, three ratios are formed which are the relative polarization efficiencies of the antenna to the waves Each ratio is representable as a contour on the polarization chart; the intersection of the three contours determines the antenna polarization Defects or imperfections in the measurement system are representable as translations or distortions of the contours, yielding a simple relation between defects and resulting errors in determination of the antenna polarization The contours may be used to minimize errors by, for example, choosing the four wave polarization states so that two of the three contours are nearly orthogonal for all expected values of the antenna polarization

16 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Nov 1967
TL;DR: In this paper, the experimental operation of a three-mirror polarized laser cavity is described which is substantially insensitive to either residual or thermally induced birefringence in a glass laser rod.
Abstract: The experimental operation of a three-mirror polarized laser cavity is described which is substantially insensitive to either residual or thermally induced birefringence in a glass laser rod, the use of which produces a remarkable improvement in repetition rate over that possible with a conventional two-mirror cavity.

11 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the electric polarization of maser medium undergoing simultaneous maser action on number of hyperfine transitions was investigated and shown to be a function of the number of transitions.

10 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
W. van Haeringen1
TL;DR: In this article, a non-linear medium-induced anisotropic effect on the orientation of the polarization ellipse of a mode in a gas laser was investigated, and an observed polarization flip with hysteresis was theoretically explained.

9 citations


Dissertation
01 Jan 1967
TL;DR: In this article, an ion source has been assembled at Rice University which uses the principle of optical pumping to produce 3 + polarized He ions for extraction and acceleration, and the design of an experiment to measure the degree of polariza¬ tion of the ions is described.
Abstract: 3 A Polarized He Ion Sources Measuring the Polarization by David 0. Findley An ion source has been assembled at Rice University which uses the principle of optical pumping to produce 3 + polarized He ions for extraction and acceleration. The design of an experiment to measure the degree of polariza¬ tion of the ions is described. ^He ions are accelerated to an energy of approximately 300 keV and produce protons 2 3 4 through the H( He,p) He reaction on striking a deuterated target. The polarization of the outgoing protons, measured through the left-right asymmetry of their elastic scatter¬ ing in a helium-filled polarimeter, provides the information necessary to deduce the nuclear spin polarization of the 3 He ions„ The polarimeter and its associated equipment are described. The results of tests of the polarimeter system with alpha particles and with unpolarized protons are given. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page L INTRODUCTION A. Polarized Ion Sources 1 3 B. The Rice University He Polarized Ion Source5 3 IIo MEASURING HE BEAM POLARIZATION A. General Considerations10 B. Considerations for ^He Beam Polarization Determination 11 C. Polarimeters for Polarized Protons 13 III. EXPERIMENTAL APPARATUS A. Acceleration System 17 B. Deuterium Targets19 C. The Polarimeter 22 D. Detectors 24 E. Electronics26 IV. TESTS OF DETECTORS A. Tests of Polarimeter Detectors A and B with 5.5 MeV Alpha Particles30 B. Tests of Polarimeter Detectors A and B with 6 MeV Protons 33 V. PROPOSED TREATMENT OF DATA 36 VI. APPENDICES A. A 200 Watt, 100 MHz R.F. Exciter and Optical Pumping Lamp40 B. Relationship of Left-Right Scattering Asymmetry to Beam Polarization and Reaction Analyzing Power42 Page C. Polarization of Protons from the 2 3 4 Reaction H( He ,p) He 44 D. Proton Yield of a Deuterium Target 3 + Stopping He Ions of Energy 300 keV 48 E. Calculation of Analyzing Power and Scattering Efficiency of the Polarimeter 51 REFERENCES AND NOTES 62

2 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
H. De Lang1, G. Bouwhuis1
TL;DR: In this paper, the anomalous non-linear preference for circular polarization (polarophily) of a 1.523 μ He-Ne laser was measured as a function of gas pressure.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors derived the differential effective scattering cross section for elliptically polarized radiation, the magnetic moment being initially at rest with the spin oriented, and the cases of linear and circular polarization were considered in detail.
Abstract: Formulas are derived for the differential effective scattering cross section for elliptically polarized radiation, the magnetic moment being initially at rest with the spin oriented. The cases of linear and circular polarization are considered in detail, as is the case of unpolarlzed radiation. The formulas give the polarization of the scattered radiation as a function of the incident polarization and of the spin orientation.