Showing papers on "Politics published in 2019"

New Social Movements: Challenging the Boundaries of Institutional Politics (1985)

Abstract: Political sociologists and political scientists who analyze Western European politics have made it a commonplace since the 1970s to emphasize the fusion of political and nonpolitical spheres of social life. They have seriously questioned the usefulness of the conventional dichotomy of “state” and “civil society.” Processes of fusion are evident not only on the level of global sociopolitical arrangements, but also among citizens as elementary political actors. The delineation between “political” and “private” (in other words, moral or economic concerns and modes of action) is becoming blurred.

White Identity Politics

Abstract: Amidst discontent over America's growing diversity, many white Americans now view the political world through the lens of a racial identity. Whiteness was once thought to be invisible because of whites' dominant position and ability to claim the mainstream, but today a large portion of whites actively identify with their racial group and support policies and candidates that they view as protecting whites' power and status. In White Identity Politics, Ashley Jardina offers a landmark analysis of emerging patterns of white identity and collective political behavior, drawing on sweeping data. Where past research on whites' racial attitudes emphasized out-group hostility, Jardina brings into focus the significance of in-group identity and favoritism. White Identity Politics shows that disaffected whites are not just found among the working class; they make up a broad proportion of the American public - with profound implications for political behavior and the future of racial conflict in America.

Enquiry Concerning Political Justice

Abstract: 'To a rational being there can be but one rule of conduct, justice, and one mode of ascertaining that rule, the exercise of his understanding.' Godwin's Political Justice is the founding text of philosophical anarchism. Written in the immediate aftermath of the French Revolution, it exemplifies the political optimism felt by many writers and intellectuals. Godwin drew on enlightenment ideas and his background in religious dissent for the principles of justice, utility, and the sanctity of individual judgement that drove his powerful critique of all forms of secular and religious authority. He predicts the triumph of justice and equality over injustice, and of mind over matter, and the eventual vanquishing of human frailty and mortality. He also foresees the gradual elimination of practices governing property, punishment, law, and marriage and the displacement of politics by an expanded personal morality resulting from reasoned argument and candid discussion. Political Justice raises deep philosophical questions about the nature of our duty to others that remain central to modern debates on ethics and politics. This edition reprints the first-edition text of 1793, and examines Godwin's evolving philosophy in the context of his life and work. ABOUT THE SERIES: For over 100 years Oxford World's Classics has made available the widest range of literature from around the globe. Each affordable volume reflects Oxford's commitment to scholarship, providing the most accurate text plus a wealth of other valuable features, including expert introductions by leading authorities, helpful notes to clarify the text, up-to-date bibliographies for further study, and much more.

Capital and Ideology

Abstract: A New York Times Best Seller An NPR Best Book of the Year The epic successor to one of the most important books of the century: at once a retelling of global history, a scathing critique of contemporary politics, and a bold proposal for a new and fairer economic system. Thomas Piketty's bestselling Capital in the Twenty-First Century galvanized global debate about inequality. In this audacious follow-up, Piketty challenges us to revolutionize how we think about politics, ideology, and history. He exposes the ideas that have sustained inequality for the past millennium, reveals why the shallow politics of right and left are failing us today, and outlines the structure of a fairer economic system. Our economy, Piketty observes, is not a natural fact. Markets, profits, and capital are all historical constructs that depend on choices. Piketty explores the material and ideological interactions of conflicting social groups that have given us slavery, serfdom, colonialism, communism, and hypercapitalism, shaping the lives of billions. He concludes that the great driver of human progress over the centuries has been the struggle for equality and education and not, as often argued, the assertion of property rights or the pursuit of stability. The new era of extreme inequality that has derailed that progress since the 1980s, he shows, is partly a reaction against communism, but it is also the fruit of ignorance, intellectual specialization, and our drift toward the dead-end politics of identity. Once we understand this, we can begin to envision a more balanced approach to economics and politics. Piketty argues for a new "participatory" socialism, a system founded on an ideology of equality, social property, education, and the sharing of knowledge and power. Capital and Ideology is destined to be one of the indispensable books of our time, a work that will not only help us understand the world, but that will change it.

Uncivil Agreement: How Politics Became Our Identity

Abstract: In Uncivil Agreement: How Politics Became Our Identity (2018), political scientist Lilliana Mason characterizes the current U.S. political landscape as two enclaves each fixed upon a preoccupation ...

Firm-Level Political Risk: Measurement and Effects

Abstract: We adapt simple tools from computational linguistics to construct a new measure of political risk faced by individual US firms: the share of their quarterly earnings conference calls that they devote to political risks. We validate our measure by showing it correctly identifies calls containing extensive conversations on risks that are political in nature, that it varies intuitively over time and across sectors, and that it correlates with the firm's actions and stock market volatility in a manner that is highly indicative of political risk. Firms exposed to political risk retrench hiring and investment and actively lobby and donate to politicians. These results continue to hold after controlling for news about the mean (as opposed to the variance) of political shocks. Interestingly, the vast majority of the variation in our measure is at the firm level rather than at the aggregate or sector level, in the sense that it is neither captured by the interaction of sector and time fixed effects, nor by heterogeneous exposure of individual firms to aggregate political risk. The dispersion of this firm-level political risk increases significantly at times with high aggregate political risk. Decomposing our measure of political risk by topic, we find that firms that devote more time to discussing risks associated with a given political topic tend to increase lobbying on that topic, but not on other topics, in the following quarter.

An Inquiry into the Principles of Political oeconomy

Abstract: Defence of Usury [1787] Jeremy Bentham 212pp The Querist, containing Several Queries, Proposed to the consideration of the Public [1735-1737] George Berkeley 168pp A Discourse on Trade and other Matters relative to it [1745] John Cary 228pp Several Essays in Political Arithmetick (4th Edition) with Memoirs of the Author's Life [1755] William Petty 194pp An Inquiry into the Principles of Political Economy [1770] James Steuart (3 volumes) 1374pp A Dissertation on the Numbers of Mankind in Ancient and Modern Times [1753] Robert Wallace 336pp

At Least Bias Is Bipartisan: A Meta-Analytic Comparison of Partisan Bias in Liberals and Conservatives.

Abstract: Both liberals and conservatives accuse their political opponents of partisan bias, but is there empirical evidence that one side of the political aisle is indeed more biased than the other? To addr...

De-globalization: Theories, predictions, and opportunities for international business research

Abstract: De-globalization, now a distinct possibility, would induce a significant qualitative shift in strategies, structures, and behaviors observable in international business (IB). Coming to terms with this qualitative shift would require IB research to develop a much deeper integration of politics, the key driver of de-globalization. To support such integration, this paper introduces two relevant theories of (de-)globalization from political science, liberalism and realism. Both predict de-globalization under current conditions but lead to different expectations about the future world economy: liberalism suggests a patchwork of economic linkages, while realism predicts the emergence of economic blocs around major countries. This paper discusses the resulting opportunities in three areas of IB research: political strategies and roles of multinational enterprises (MNEs), global value chains, and the role of the national context. For political strategies and roles, there is a need to explore how regular business activities and deliberate political agency of MNEs affect the political sustainability of globalization. For value chains, questions include their future reach and specialization, changes in organizational forms, and the impact of political considerations on location decisions. Research opportunities on national contexts relate to their ability to sustain globalization and their connection with economic and military power.

State and Peasant in Contemporary China: The Political Economy of Village Government

Abstract: This is a study of peasant-state relations and village politics as they have evolved in response to the state's attempts to control the division of the harvest and extract the state-defined surplus. To provide the reader with a clearer sense of the evolution of peasant-state relations over almost a forty-year period and to highlight the dramatic changes that have taken place since 1978,1 have divided my analysis into two parts: Chapters 2 through 7 are on Maoist China, and chapters 8 and 9 are on post-Mao China. The first part examines the state's grain policies and patterns of local politics that emerged during the highly collectivized Maoist period, when the state closed free grain markets and established the system of unified purchase and sales (tonggou tongxiao). The second part describes the new methods for the production and division of the harvest after 1978, when the government decollectivized agriculture and abolished its unified procurement program.

The Social Contract, or Principles of Political Right

Abstract: Switzerland. 1742 Moved to Paris to present the Academie des Sciences with a new system of numbered musical notation. 1743–44 Secretary to the French ambassador in Venice. 1749 Articles on music written for the philosopher Diderot’s—his friend— Encyclopedia. 1750 Discourse on the Arts and Sciences. 1752 His opera Le Devin du Village was performed for King Louis XV. 1754 Returned to Geneva, reconverted to Calvinism, and regained his Genevan citizenship. 1755 Discourse on the Origin and Basis of Inequality Among Men. 1761 Julie, ou la nouvelle Heloise, romantic novel. 1762 Of the Social Contract, Principles of Political Right and Emile, or On Education. Content criticizing religion forced him to flee arrest. 1765 Sought refuge with David Hume in Great Britain and suffered a decline in mental health. 1768 Obtained a, legally invalid, marriage to Therese Levasseur, a semi-literate seamstress with whom he had fathered several children. 1770 Returned to France under an assumed name. 1776 Completed Dialogues: Rousseau Judge of Jean-Jacques. 1778 2 July, died in Ermenonville, France. 1782 Reveries of a Solitary Walker, unfinished, and Confessions. THE SOCIAL CONTRACT Or Principles of Political Right

A Modern History of Japan: From Tokugawa Times to the Present

Abstract: Maps, Tables, and Figures Preface Introduction: Enduring Imprints on the Longer Past Part 1: Crisis of the Tokugawa Regime 1. The Tokugawa Polity Unification The Tokugawa Political Settlements The Daimy? The Imperial Institution The Samurai Villagers and City-Dwellers The Margins of the Japanese and Japan 2. Social and Economic Transformations The Seventeenth-Century Boom Riddles of Stagnation and Vitality 3. The Intellectual World of Late Tokugawa Ideological Foundations of the Tokugawa Regime Cultural Diversity and Contradictions Reform, Critiques, and Insurgent Ideas 4. The Overthrow of the Tokugawa The Western Powers and the Unequal Treaties The Crumbling of Tokugawa Rule Politics of Terror and Accomodation Bakufu Revival, the Satsuma-Ch?sh? Insurgency, and Domestic Unrest Part 2: Modern Revolution, 1868-1905 5. The Samurai Revolution Programs of Nationalist Revolution Political Unification and Central Bureaucracy Eliminating the Status System The Conscript Army Compulsory Education The Monarch at the Center Building a Rich Country Stances toward the World 6. Participation and Protest Political Discourse and Contention Movement for Freedom and People's Rights Samurai Rebellions, Peasant Uprisings, and New Religions Participation for Women Treaty Revision and Domestic Politics The Meiji Constitution 7. Social, Economic, and Cultural Transformations Landlords and Tenants Industrial Revolution The Work Force and Labor Conditions Spread of Mass and Higher Education Culture and Religion Affirming Japanese Identity and Destiny 8. Empire and Domestic Order The Trajectory to Empire Contexts of Empire, Capitalism, and Nation-Building The Turbulent World of Diet Politics The Era of Popular Protest Engineering Nationalism Part 3: Imperial Japan From Ascendance to Ashes 9. Economy and Society Wartime Boom and Postwar Bust Landlords, Tenants, and Rural Life City Life: Middle and Working Classes Cultural Responses to Social Change 10. Democracy and Empire between the World Wars The Emergence of Party Cabinets The Structure of Parliamentary Government Ideological Challenges Strategies of Imperial Democratic Rule Japan, Asia, and the Western Powers 11. The Depression Crisis and Responses Economic and Social Crisis Breaking the Impasse: New Departures Abroad Toward a New Social Economic Order Toward a New Political Order 12. Japan in Wartime Wider War in China Toward Pearl Harbor The Pacific War Mobilizing for Total War Living in the Shadow of War Ending the War Burdens and Legacies of War 13. Occupied Japan: New Departures and Durable Structures Bearing the Unbearable The American Agenda: Demilitarize and Democratize Japanese Responses The Reverse Course Toward Recovery and Independence: Another Unequal Treaty? Part 4: Postwar and Contemporary Japan, 1952-2000 14. Economic and Social Transformations The Postwar "Economic Miracle" Transwar Patterns of Community, Family, School, and Work Shared Experiences and Standardized Lifeways of the Postwar Era Differences Enduring and Realigned Managing Social Stability and Change Images and Ideologies of Social Stability and Change 15. Political Struggles and Settlements of the High-Growth Era Political Struggles The Politics of Accommodation Global Connections: Oil Crisis and the End of High Growth 16. Global Power in a Polarized World: Japan in the 1980s New Roles in the World and New Tensions Economy: Thriving Through the Oil Crises Politics: The Conservative Heyday Society and Culture in the Exuberant Eighties 17. Japan's "Lost Decades": 1989-2008 The End of Showa The Specter of a Divided Society Economy of the "Lost Decade" The Fall and Rise of the Liberal Democratic Party Assessing Reforms, Explaining Recovery Between Asia and the West Ongoing Presence of the Past 18. Shock, Disaster and Aftermath: Japan since 2008 The Lehman Shock Politics of Hope and Disillusionment Making Sense of the Perception of Decline The Disasters of 3.11 and Aftermath

The Oxford handbook of social and political trust

Abstract: Recognition of the need to study trust and its implications for social and political organising has grown considerably in recent times. In an era of fake news and polarised views, trust can serve a...

Organizing for Collective Action: The Political Economies of Associations

Abstract: Organizing for Collective Action investigates the political and economic behaviors of national associations, including trade associations, professional societies, labor unions, and public interest groups. It focuses upon the ways that these organizations acquire resources and allocate them to various collective actions, particularly for member services, public relations, and political action. This analysis is structured around three broad theoretical paradigms for collective action: (1) the problem of societal integration which concerns the ways that people are tied to organizations and the ways that organizations connect their members with the larger society; (2) the problem of organizational governance which considers how individuals become unified collectivities capable of acting in a coordinated manner, and (3) the problem of public policy influence which involves interactions among public and private interest groups to formulate the binding decisions under which we all must live.

Armies of the Young: Child Soldiers in War and Terrorism

Abstract: "No thinking person, no media commentator, no political leader can afford to be without this book--not if they care about the truth and want to understand one of the more awful realities of our time. It will stir you to action on behalf of the world's vulnerable children." --Phyllis Chesler, author of The New Anti-Semitism Children have served as soldiers throughout history. They fought in the American Revolution, the Civil War, and in both world wars. They served as uniformed soldiers, camouflaged insurgents, and even suicide bombers. Indeed, the first U.S. soldier to be killed by hostile fire in the Afghanistan war was shot in ambush by a fourteen-year-old boy. Does this mean that child soldiers are agressors? Or are they victims? It is a difficult question with no obvious answer, yet in recent years the acceptable answer among humanitarian organizations and contemporary scholars has been resoundingly the latter. These children are most often seen as especially hideous examples of adult criminal exploitation. In this provocative book, David M. Rosen argues that this response vastly oversimplifies the child soldier problem. Drawing on three dramatic examples--from Sierra Leone, Palestine, and Eastern Europe during the Holocaust--Rosen vividly illustrates this controversial view. In each case, he shows that children are not always passive victims, but often make the rational decision that not fighting is worse than fighting. With a critical eye to international law, Armies of the Young urges readers to reconsider the situation of child combatants in light of circumstance and history before adopting uninformed child protectionist views. In the process, Rosen paints a memorable and unsettling picture of the role of children in international conflicts. David M. Rosen is a professor of anthropology and law at Fairleigh Dickinson University. A volume in The Rutgers Series in Childhood Studies, edited by Myra Bluebond-Langner, Rutgers University, Camden.

The Rise of the Platform Business Model and the Transformation of Twenty-First-Century Capitalism:

Abstract: This article explores the changing nature of twenty-first-century capitalism with an emphasis on illuminating the political coalitions and institutional conditions that support and sustain it. Most...

The Power of Political Image: Justin Trudeau, Instagram, and Celebrity Politics:

Abstract: This article explores dynamics of online image management and its impact on leadership in a context of digital permanent campaigning and celebrity politics in Canada. Recent studies have shown that...

Economy and Society: A New Translation

Abstract: The definitive new translation of Max Weber's classic work of social theory-arguably the most important book by the foremost social theorist of the twentieth century. Max Weber's Economy and Society is the foundational text for the social sciences of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, presenting a framework for understanding the relations among individual action, social action, economic action, and economic institutions. It also provides a classification of political forms based upon "systems of rule" and "rulership" that has shaped debate about the nature and role of charisma, tradition, legal authority, and bureaucracy. Keith Tribe's major new translation presents Economy and Society as it stood when Weber died in June 1920, with three complete chapters and a fragment of a fourth. One of the English-speaking world's leading experts on Weber's thought, Tribe has produced a uniquely clear and faithful translation that balances accuracy with readability. He adds to this a substantial introduction and commentary that reflect the new Weber scholarship of the past few decades. This new edition will become the definitive translation of one of the few indisputably great intellectual works of the past 150 years.

The Politics Of Divided Government

Abstract: Part 1 Introduction: an era of divided government, Gary W. Cox and Samuel Kernell. Part 2 Federal causes: divided government - is it all in the campaigns?, John R. Petrocik the republican presidential advantage in the age of party disunity, Martin P. Wattenberg the persistence of democratic house majorities - structure or politics?, Gary C. Jacobson. Part 4 Federal consequences: cooperation of conflict - the strategic circumstance of a President facing an opposition congress, Samuel Kernell government on lay-away - federal spending and deficits under divided government, Mathew D. McCubbins fiscal policy and divided government, G.W.Cox and M.D. McCubbins. Part 5 Comparative perspectives: divided government in the states, Morris P. Fiorina divided government in the third party system - causes and consequences, Charles H. Stewart III conclusion, Gary W. Cox and Samuel Kernell.

The “Political Ecology” of Amazonia

Abstract: This chapter presents a model of the socio-political system that can be used to analyze the processes pertinent to understanding the human use of natural resources. The framework, drawn from the perspective of political economy, shows the relationship between surplus production, social class, the function of the state in promoting private accumulation, and the role of ideology in public discourse and development planning. The chapter illustrates how economic and political processes determine the way natural resources have been exploited in frontier regions of northern Brazil. It argues that both the design of intervention projects and the strategies to implement them must be formulated on the basis of a thorough assessment of a society's overall political economy. In some societies, such as certain indigenous groups in Amazonia, the goal of production is subsistence. The chapter summarizes the indigenous groups, Caboclos, and peasants share, to a greater or lesser extent, a production system oriented primarily to simple reproduction.

How Many People Live in Political Bubbles on Social Media? Evidence From Linked Survey and Twitter Data:

Abstract: A major point of debate in the study of the Internet and politics is the extent to which social media platforms encourage citizens to inhabit online “bubbles” or “echo chambers,” exposed primarily ...

Racial propositions : ballot initiatives and the making of postwar California

Abstract: Contents List of Illustrations Introduction: "Genteel Apartheid" 1. "We Have No Master Race": Racial Liberalism and Political Whiteness 2. "Racial and Religious Tolerance Are Highly Desirable Objectives": Fair Employment and the Vicissitudes of Tolerance, 1945--1960 3. "Get Back Your Rights!" Fair Housing and the Right to Discriminate, 1960--1972 4. "We Love All Kids": School Desegregation, Busing, and the Triumph of Racial Innocence, 1972--1982 5. "How Can You Help Unite California?" English Only and the Politics of Exclusion, 1982--1990 6. "They Keep Coming!" The Tangled Roots of Proposition 187 7. "Special Interests Hijacked the Civil Rights Movement": Affirmative Action and Bilingual Education on the Ballot, 1996--2 8. "Dare We Forget the Lessons of History?" Ward Connerly's Racial Privacy Initiative, 2001--2003 Conclusion: Blue State Racism Acknowledgments Notes Select Bibliography Index

Recasting Science: Consensual Procedures In Public Policy Making

Abstract: Political uses of science in public decision making the dynamics of advocacy science consensual approaches to handling science consensual approaches, science and power prospect for change.

Crises of Democracy

Abstract: Is democracy in crisis? The current threats to democracy are not just political: they are deeply embedded in the democracies of today, in current economic, social, and cultural conditions. In Crises of Democracy, Adam Przeworski presents a panorama of the political situation throughout the world of established democracies, places it in the context of past misadventures of democratic regimes, and speculates on the prospects. Our present state of knowledge does not support facile conclusions. 'We should not believe the flood of writings that have all the answers'. Avoiding technical aspects, this book is addressed not only to professional social scientists, but to everyone concerned about the prospects of democracy.

Mass repression and political loyalty: Evidence from Stalin's 'terror by hunger'

Abstract: States use repression to enforce obedience, but repression—especially if it is violent, massive, and indiscriminate—often incites opposition. Why does repression have such disparate effects? We address this question by studying the political legacy of Stalin’s coercive agricultural policy and collective punishment campaign in Ukraine, which led to the death by starvation of over three million people in 1932–34. Using rich micro-level data on eight decades of local political behavior, we find that communities exposed to Stalin’s “terror by hunger” behaved more loyally toward Moscow when the regime could credibly threaten retribution in response to opposition. In times when this threat of retribution abated, the famine-ridden communities showed more opposition to Moscow, both short- and long-term. Thus, repression can both deter and inflame opposition, depending on the political opportunity structure in which post-repression behavior unfolds.

Digital media infrastructures: pipes, platforms, and politics

Abstract: Over the past decade, a growing body of scholarship in media studies and other cognate disciplines has focused our attention on the social, material, cultural, and political dimensions of the infra...

The struggle over borders: cosmopolitanism and communitarianism

Abstract: Citizens, parties and movements are increasingly contesting issues connected to globalization, such as whether to welcome immigrants, promote free trade and support international integration. The resulting political fault line, precipitated by a deepening rift between elites and mass publics, has created the space for the rise of populism. Responding to these issues and debates, this book presents a comprehensive and up-to-date analysis of how economic, cultural and political globalization have transformed democratic politics. This study offers a fresh perspective on the rise of populism based on analyses of public and elite opinion and party politics, as well as mass media debates on climate change, human rights, migration, regional integration and trade in the USA, Germany, Poland, Turkey and Mexico. Furthermore, it considers similar conflicts taking place within the European Union and the United Nations. Appealing to political scientists, sociologists and international relations scholars, this book is also an accessible introduction to these debates for undergraduate and masters students.

Global Gender Issues in the New Millennium

Abstract: Acknowledgements to the Third Edition Acknowledgements to the Second Edition Acknowledgements to the First Edition List of Acronyms 1. Introduction: Gender and Global Issues Gender and Global Crises Gender Gains: Re-Positionings of Women and Men in World Politics Global Crises: Re-Masculinizations of World Politics Gender and Intersectional Analysis in IR Mapping the Book 2. Gender Lenses on World Politics How Lenses Work and Why They Matter World Politics Lenses Politicizing Stereotypes, Dichotomies, and Ideologies Feminist Inquiry and Politicizing Gender Denaturalizing Gender The "Power of Gender" as a Meta-lens Intersectional Analysis and "Feminization as Devalorization" Feminist IR Lenses Global Gendered, Racialized, and Sexualized Divisions of Power, Violence, and Labor and Resources 3. Gender and Global Governance Feminist Approaches to Politics Women Actors in Global Governence Barriers to Women's Participation in Global Governence Institutionalizing Global Gender Equality Neoliberal Governmentality and the New Global Politics of Gender Equality Women in Politics Versus Feminist Politics 4. Gender and Global Security Feminist Approaches to Security Gendered Security Women, Militaries, and Political Violence Men, Militaries, and Gender Violence Gendered Peacekeeping and Peacemaking (De)Militarizing Feminism Disarming Security 5. Gender and Global Political Economy Feminist Approaches to Global Political Economy Women and Development Women and Neoliberal Globalization Producing Consent and Crisis Gendering Today's Globalized Economy Gendered Financial Matters Gendered Politics of Consumption Gendered Resources Gendered Divisions of Resources Toward Resisting Neoliberalism 6. Gendered Resistances Feminist Resistance Politics Toward De-Gendering World Politics Web Resources References About the Authors Index