Showing papers on "Polycarbonate published in 1977"

Thermoplastic polycarbonate molding materials with improved mold release

Abstract: The present invention is concerned with thermoplastic molding materials of high molecular weight, thermoplastic, aromatic polycarbonates based on aromatic dihydroxy compounds and containing from about 001 to 01% by weight of esters of saturated aliphatic carboxylic acids with 10 to 20 C atoms and 4-hydric to 6-hydric alcohols

Catalyst for making polycarbonate diols for use in polycarbonate urethanes

Abstract: Energy-absorbing laminates for use in automobile windshields or other safety glass applications comprising a polycarbonate urethane and a sheet of glass are disclosed. The polyurethane is formed from a cycloaliphatic diisocyanate, a compound containing at least two active hydrogens per molecule and having a molecular weight below 250, and a polycarbonate diol prepared by the reaction of an aliphatic diol and a dialkyl carbonate using a titanium catalyst. CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 681,012 entitled "Catalyst for Making Polycarbonate Diols for Use in Polycarbonate Urethanes" filed Apr. 28, 1976, now abandoned which in turn is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 385,019 entitled "Transparent, Impact-Resistant Poly(alkylenecarbonate Urethane) Laminates" filed Aug. 2, 1973, now abandoned.

Plasticized polycarbonate composition

Abstract: A plasticized polycarbonate composition comprised in admixture a high molecular weight aromatic carbonate polymer and a minor amount of a phosphazene.

Process for producing polycarbonate oligomers

Abstract: A process for producing polycarbonate oligomers by the reaction of dihydroxy compounds with phosgene, which comprises contacting a mixture of a dihydroxy compound and an aqueous alkali solution with phosgene in the presence of an organic solvent in a tubular reactor to perform a first-stage reaction, introducing the first-stage reaction mixture into a tank-type reactor equipped with a stirrer and containing the aqueous alkali solution and a solution in the organic solvent of a polycarbonate oligomer formed by the reaction of the first-stage reaction product in a second stage, and performing the second-stage reaction while stirring the reaction mixture in the tank-type reactor and maintaining it at a predetermined temperature by sufficient removal of the heat of reaction.

Stabilized polycarbonate compositions

Abstract: A thermal oxidative stabilized polycarbonate composition comprises in admixture (a) a high molecular weight aromatic carbonate polymer and (b) a minor amount of an end-blocked polyorganohydrogen siloxane and, optionally, an organic phosphite or phosphonite and/or epoxy compound.

Haze-free transparent laminate having a plasticized polyvinyl acetal sheet

Abstract: A method for overcoming laminate failure in laminated windows containing adjacent layers of polycarbonate and plasticized polyvinyl acetal is disclosed. The method involves applying a protective adhesive means such as a film of a polyurethane or an epoxy resin to a major surface of at least one of the sheets, assembling the sheets with said film on an interfacial surface of the assembly, and laminating the assembly at high temperature and pressure. Also disclosed are various laminate configurations containing a plasticized polyvinyl acetal-polycarbonate interfacial surface treated according to the present invention. Such laminates are useful as substantially haze-free, transparent articles, such as windows for aircraft.

The low temperature thermal conductivity of isotropic and oriented polymers

Abstract: The thermal conductivity, kappa , has been measured as a function of temperature between 2K and 100K of polycarbonate (PC), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) isotactic polypropylene (PP), polyoxymethylene (POM), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). For the latter three systems the variation of kappa on extrusion has also been investigated. The polymers studied include specimens of widely ranging morphologies, and an attempt is made to show how all the results fit into a coherent pattern. Some of the specific results of this and related work are: (i) For isotropic polymers the values of kappa at 2K are highest in completely amorphous polymers whereas at 100K the greatest conductivity is observed in crystalline specimens. (ii) The temperature dependences of kappa in the most highly conducting isotropic crystalline polymers exhibit maxima near 100K. (iii) For extruded crystalline polymers there is a marked anisotropy in kappa that is much greater above approximately 25K, and which increases with the degree of extrusion.

Multicomponent polycarbonate-block copolymer-polymer blends

Abstract: A multicomponent polymer blend composition is prepared by intimately mixing a polycarbonate, a selectively hydrogenated monoalkenyl arene-diene block copolymer, and at least one dissimilar engineering thermoplastic resin under such conditions that at least two of the polymers form at least partial continuous network phases which interlock with the other polymer networks and therefore results in a desirable balance of properties. These blends have an unobviously high heat distortion temperature relative to the improved impact strength.

Phosphorus stabilized-polyester-polycarbonate molding compositions

Abstract: Disclosed is a composition comprised of an admixture of poly(tetramethylene terephthalate), bisphenol A polycarbonate and selected phosphorous compounds.

Safety glass laminates with aliphatic/cycloaliphatic polycarbonate urethanes

Abstract: Energy-absorbing laminates for use as automobile windshields or other safety glass applications comprising a polycarbonate urethane and a sheet of glass are disclosed. The polyurethane is formed from a cycloaliphatic diisocyanate, a compound containing at least two active hydrogens per molecule and having a molecular weight below 250, and a special polycarbonate diol synthesized from a mixture of linear aliphatic and cycloaliphatic diols.

Glass-filled polycarbonate of improved ductility

Abstract: A glass-fiber reinforced aromatic polycarbonate is provided with improved ductility and improved mold release properties which is comprised of an aromatic polycarbonate resin, glass-fibers and an ester wax of montanic acid.

Ultrasonic studies of polycarbonate, polysulfone, and polyether sulfone

Abstract: Ultrasonic attenuation and velocity measurements are reported for samples of polycarbonate, polyether sulfone, and polysulfone over a temperature range from 10° to 80°C and over a frequency range from 5 to 35 MHz. Observed relaxations are ascribed to short-range motions of the polymer backbone—here designated the α process. The amplitude of the absorption initially decreased with increasing draw ratio, but after two years returned to the values characteristic of undrawn samples. The longitudinal wave velocity increased with draw ratio in a manner consistent with the creation of molecular order and remained constant over two years. Differences in the attenuation properties between the three polymers studies are discussed in terms of the chemical structure and the macroscopic morphology of the samples.

Bisphenol‐A‐polycarbonate‐bisphenol‐A‐polysulfone block copolymers

Abstract: Multiblock , block copolymers of bisphenol-A-polycarbon ate and bisphenol-A-polysulfone were prepared by three different synthesis routes. The in situ method consisted of forming the polycarbonate block in the presence of hydroxyl terminated polysulfone oligorner. The coupled oligomer technique utilized phosgene to link up the two preformed oligomers to high molecular weight. In one case, a perfectly alternating block copolymer was formed by reacting a ∼9, 000 Mn chloroformate terminated polycarbonate with a ∼9, 000 Mn hydroxyl terminated polysulfone. Block sizes from ∼4, 000 to ∼26, 000 were investigated. The oligomers and copolymers were characterized by potentiometric titrations and UV end group analysis. Membrane osmometry and gel permeation chromatography were also employed. Dynamic mechanical behavior of solvent cast and compression molded films was assessed via rheovibron measurements. The copolymers were ductile and transparent and displayed essentially only a single intermediate glass transition temperature, that is, microphase separation was not observed. This is in contrast to simple physical blends of the homopolymers or oligomers, which are opaque and display two glass transition temperatures.

Organic silane stabilized and plasticized polycarbonate composition

Abstract: A stabilized and plasticized polycarbonate composition comprising in admixture, an aromatic carbonate polymer and a stabilizing amount of an essentially monomeric organic silane. The composition can additionally contain a phosphite and/or an epoxy compound.

Warp-resistant reinforced thermoplastic compositions comprising polyester resins and zinc stearate

Abstract: Reinforced thermoplastic compositions are provided comprising a poly(1,4-butylene terephthalate) resin, a resin selected from a poly(ethylene terephthalate) resin, a polycarbonate resin or a mixture thereof, a fibrous glass reinforcement and a minor amount of zinc stearate. The compositions are moldable to articles having improved resistance to warpage during heat treatment in comparison with molding compositions of glass reinforced poly(1,4-butylene terephthalate).

Laminates comprising a plasticized interlayer

Abstract: A laminate comprising a sheet of the polycarbonate or polyacrylate resin in face-to-face contact with a sheet of polyvinyl butyral plasticized with an effective amount of a plasticizer which is at least a partial ester formed by reaction of an alcohol having from 2 to 4 hydroxyl groups and a C 16 -C 20 unsaturated fatty acid having a hydroxyl group attached to the acid molecule.

Process for the preparation of new high-molecular segmented polyester-polycarbonates which can be processed by thermoplastic methods and new polyester-polycarbonates obtained according to the process

Abstract: The subject of the present invention is a process for the preparation of new high-molecular weight polyester-polycarbonates which contain incorporated segments containing carboxyl groups and can be processed by thermoplastic methods, which process is characterized in that segments which contain carboxyl groups and have average molecular weights Mn (number-average of the molecular weight determined via the acid number of the segments containing carboxyl groups) of greater than about 600, preferably of greater than about 800 and in particular of between about 1,000 and 20,000, are reacted with diphenols and phosgene by the known two-phase boundary polycondensation process at a pH value of between about 9 and 14 and at a temperature of between about 0° C. and 80° C. and preferably of between about 15° C. and 40° C. and the resulting reaction products are either subjected to a heat treatment at temperatures of between about 40° C. and 170° C. for between about 5 minutes to 24 hours or are subjected, at temperatures of between about 130° C., and 250° C., to shear forces of between about 720 and 2520 kJ/kg of polymer or are gelled in solution by organic solvents. The invention also relates to the polyester-polycarbonates which are obtainable according to the invention and contain at least 2 phases, resulting from the polycarbonate constituent and the segment fraction which has terminal carboxyl groups.

Effect of Hard Segment Chemical Structure on the Processibility of Organo‐Siloxane Block Copolymers

Abstract: A series of polydimethylsiloxane based multiblock [AB]n copolymers was prepared and characterized. The hard blocks included poly(aryl ethers), poly(aryl esters), poly(aryl carbonates), a poly(cycloaliphatic carbonate), polystyrene, and poly(α‐methylsytrene). All of these materials could be solution cast into films which had attractive physical properties and which displayed two‐phase behavior. However, their rheological characteristics (in particular their melt processibility) were found to differ dramatically when the chemical structure of the hard block was varied. Thus, the polysulfone‐polydimethylsiloxane block copolymer could not even be satisfactorily compression molded owing to its inordinately high melt viscosity and melt elasticity. On the other hand, the copolymer prepared from the polycarbonate of 2,2,4,4‐tetramethyl‐1,3‐cyclobutanediol could be readily molded and extruded. The behavior is believed to be related to the retention of a physical network at temperatures well above the upper glass t...

Multicomponent polyolefin-block copolymer polycarbonate blends

Abstract: A multicomponent polymer blend composition is prepared by intimately mixing a polyolefin, a selectively hydrogenated monoalkenyl arene-diene block copolymer, and a polycarbonate under such conditions that at least two of the polymers form at least partial continuous network phases which interlock with the other polymer networks and therefore results in a desirable balance of properties.

Infrared dichroism of glassy polycarbonate at small strains

Abstract: The dichroism of the 889, 1364, and 3063 cm−1 infrared absorption bands of glassy, amorphous polycarbonate has been measured as a function of the strain in the range 0 to 2% at 23°C. The data obtained for these three bands superpose rather well over this strain range. Negligible dichroism is observed up to about 0.6% strain; above this level, the dichroic ratio increases in an approximately linear manner. Independent mechanical data, obtained under comparable conditions of time-scale and temperature, are cited which show that a transition from approximately linear to marked non-linear viscoelastic behavior occurs with glassy polycarbonate in the range 0.7 to 1.0% strain. The coincidence on the strain axis of a relatively abrupt increase in optical absorption anisotropy with a distinct change in Young's modulus is discussed in terms of a recent molecular theory of deformation of glassy polymers. It is suggested that the data are consistent with the view that the transition from linear to nonlinear viscoelastic behavior in glassy polycarbonate is marked by the onset of significant rotation around backbone bonds.

Polyblend composition comprising aromatic polycarbonate, polyolefin, selectively hydrogenated block copolymer and olefinic copolymer

Abstract: There are provided compositions comprising (a) an aromatic polycarbonate resin; and (b) a precompounded polymer system comprising an olefinic resin and a selectively hydrogenated elastomeric block copolymer resin, alone or in further combination with an aromatic polycarbonate or styrene resin and, optionally a hydrogenated elastomeric block copolymer resin. The use of (a) and (b) together provides high impact strength and unexpectedly superior flowability in the molten state.

Crystallization of bisphenol-A polycarbonate. II. Melting behavior and equilibrium melting temperature of the plasticized polymer

Abstract: The melting behavior of bisphenol-A polycarbonate samples plasticized by tritolyl phosphate (TTP), pentaerythritol tetranonanoate (PETN), and trimellitic acid-tridecyloctyl ester (TMDO) has been investigated and discussed on the basis of current theories. Using the Hoffman and Weeks approach modified for finite chain length the variation of the equilibrium melting temperature has been determined as a function of the plasticizer concentration. Extrapolation of these data yields an equilibrium melting temperature of 317 degrees C for the pure polycarbonate of infinite molecular weight. The cryoscopic effect observed is much more pronounced than anticipated on the basis of the Flory-Huggins theory.

Thermally stimulated discharge current studies on the effect of thermal treatment on the strength of polycarbonate

Abstract: It is well known that polycarbonate annealed at 80–130°C undergoes gradual changes in mechanical properties. Annealing below Tg (ca. 150°C) results in a decrease in impact resistance and an increase in strength. Polycarbonate has three single relaxation processes and some distributed relaxation processes in the temperature range between 100 and 250°K (the β transition region). The effect of thermal pretreatment on the relaxation has been investigated by the thermally stimulated discharge current technique. Partial heating, peak cleaning, and theoretical fitting have also been performed and the activation parameters associated with the relaxation processes have also been calculated to assist in the analysis of the relationship between effects of annealing and structural motions in polycarbonate.

High molecular weight polycarbonates of {60 ,{60 ,{60 ,{60 {40 ,{60 {40 ,{60 {40 -hexakisaryl-1,3-and/or -1,4-dimethyl benzenes

Abstract: The present invention is related to high molecular weight polycarbonates based on aromatic dihydroxy compounds which contain 5 to 100 mol % preferably 20 to 100 mol % of structural units derived from alpha , alpha , alpha , alpha ', alpha ', alpha '-hexakisaryl-1,3-and/or -1,4-dimethyl benzene dihydroxy compounds In a preferred embodiment, the polycarbonate is a copolymer of the hexakisaryl dihydroxy compounds and bisphenols known to be useful in producing polycarbonates The residues of the hexakisaryl compound may be 5 to 90 mol %, preferably 20 to 70 mol % of the structural units An especially preferred copolymer is that between the hexakisaryl compounds and alpha , alpha '-(hydroxyphenyl)-diisopropyl benzenes These polycarbonates show improved heat stability and higher second order transition temperature points than conventional polycarbonates and are useful in applications involving high service temperatures such as electrical insulating film

Method for producing polycarbonate powder from a polycarbonate solution

Abstract: A method of producing polycarbonate powder comprises continuously mixing and kneading a polycarbonate solution while heating same, the kneading being accomplished by producing a limited "to and fro" movement of the polycarbonate solution with the aid of a set of spiral blades mounted on rotating shafts in an elongated barrel.